Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) into collagen producing myofibroblasts is critical for pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is one of the main profibrogenic mediators for HSC transdifferentiation. Recent studies have shown effect of microRNAs (miRNAs) on regulating TGF-β1-induced HSC activation during liver fibrosis. Here, we aimed to explore the roles of miR-144 and miR-200c in human liver fibrosis.Expression of TGF-β1 was detected in 42 fibrotic and 18 normal human liver tissues by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, and its correlation with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was calculated. miR-144 and miR-200c expression level in fibrotic liver tissues were also detected by qRT-PCR. The correlation of TGF-β1 expression with miR-200c and miR-144 in the fibrotic liver was analyzed.The results showed that TGF-β1 expression was much higher in fibrotic liver than that in normal liver tissues (P<0.05). TGF-β1 protein high expressing liver fibrosis showed α-SMA positive cells in the liver parenchyma indicating activated HSCs. Expression of TGF-β1 in fibrotic liver was significantly correlated with α-SMA expression (R=0.633, P<0.001). Furthermore, miR-144 was less expressed in liver fibrosis (P<0.05) and was significantly correlated with expression of TGF-β1 in fibrotic liver tissues (R=-0.442, P<0.01). However, miR-200c did not show significant difference between normal and fibrotic liver (P=0.48) and correlation with TGF-β1 expression (R=0.106, P=0.51).All the results indicate that miR-144 can be a novel regulator of TGF-β1-induced HSC activation during liver fibrosis.