To explore the expression and distribution of vimentin in different types of chronic rhinosinusitis and its significance.There were four groups including control (10 samples), Eos CRSwNP (10 samples), non-Eos CRSwNP (12 samples) and CRSsNP (10 samples). The expression of vimentin in chronic rhinosinusitis were detected by immunohistochemistry technique. The double-immunofluorescence was used to detect the positive staining of both vimentin and E-cadherin, both of which were the marker of epithelial cells.The positive staining of vimentin were observed both in epithelium and lamina propria. The expression of vimentin were found in myofibroblast, endothelium and other mesenchymal cells. The vimentin positive cells in epithelium were epithelial cells but not mesenchymal cells, as they also expressed E-cadherin.The vimentin positive staining cells distribute in lamina propria and epithelium of both normal nasal mucosa and chronic rhinosinusitis. The positive staining epithelial cells may generate from epithelial-mesenchymal transition. So the vimentin may play an important role in the development of chronic rhinosinusitis.