To study the distribution of ABO gene polymorphism in Uighur population in Xinjiang area of China.DNA was extracted from 160 Uygur unrelated donorso blood and PCR-sequence specific primer analysis was performed. Some difficult samples were further directly sequenced.Six alleles were detected in a population of 160 Uighur individuals, the gene frequencies of which were 0.2062(A101), 0.0563(A102), 0.0156(A201), 0.0031(A205),0.1875(B01),0.5312(O01), respectively.The characteristics for AB gene structure of Xinjiang Uighur suggests that genetic polymorphism is distinguished between Xinjiang Uighur nationality and Chinese Han nationality, and both of them have discrepancy and confluent characters.