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Journal of Extracellular Vesicles
Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY NC ND
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Journal of Extracellular Vesicles
Article
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: UnpayWall
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Journal of Extracellular Vesicles
Article . 2021
Data sources: DOAJ
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Millisecond dynamic of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike and its interaction with ACE2 receptor and small extracellular vesicles

Authors: Keesiang Lim; Goro Nishide; Takeshi Yoshida; Takahiro Watanabe‐Nakayama; Akiko Kobayashi; Masaharu Hazawa; Rikinari Hanayama; +2 Authors

Millisecond dynamic of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike and its interaction with ACE2 receptor and small extracellular vesicles

Abstract

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein (S) binds to human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), allowing virus to dock on cell membrane follow by viral entry. Here, we use high‐speed atomic force microscopy (HS‐AFM) for real‐time visualization of S, and its interaction with hACE2 and small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Results show conformational heterogeneity of S, flexibility of S stalk and receptor‐binding domain (RBD), and pH/temperature‐induced conformational change of S. S in an S‐ACE2 complex appears as an all‐RBD up conformation. The complex acquires a distinct topology upon acidification. S and S2 subunit demonstrate different membrane docking mechanisms on sEVs. S‐hACE2 interaction facilitates S to dock on sEVs, implying the feasibility of ACE2‐expressing sEVs for viral neutralization. In contrary, S2 subunit docks on lipid layer and enters sEV using its fusion peptide, mimicking the viral entry scenario. Altogether, our study provides a platform that is suitable for real‐time visualization of various entry inhibitors, neutralizing antibodies, and sEV‐based decoy in blocking viral entry.Teaser: Comprehensive observation of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike and its interaction with receptor ACE2 and sEV‐based decoy in real time using HS‐AFM.

Keywords

QH573-671, High‐speed AFM, Protein Conformation, SARS-CoV-2, Lipid Bilayers, SARS‐CoV‐2 spike, Temperature, ACE2, exosomes, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Virus Internalization, Microscopy, Atomic Force, Extracellular Vesicles, Protein Subunits, Protein Domains, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Humans, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, Cytology, Research Articles, EV, Protein Binding

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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
35
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
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