A Complete Neandertal Mitochondrial Genome Sequence Determined by High-Throughput Sequencing
Copyright policy )A Complete Neandertal Mitochondrial Genome Sequence Determined by High-Throughput Sequencing
A complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence was reconstructed from a 38,000 year-old Neandertal individual with 8341 mtDNA sequences identified among 4.8 Gb of DNA generated from approximately 0.3 g of bone. Analysis of the assembled sequence unequivocally establishes that the Neandertal mtDNA falls outside the variation of extant human mtDNAs, and allows an estimate of the divergence date between the two mtDNA lineages of 660,000 +/- 140,000 years. Of the 13 proteins encoded in the mtDNA, subunit 2 of cytochrome c oxidase of the mitochondrial electron transport chain has experienced the largest number of amino acid substitutions in human ancestors since the separation from Neandertals. There is evidence that purifying selection in the Neandertal mtDNA was reduced compared with other primate lineages, suggesting that the effective population size of Neandertals was small.
- Rothberg Institute For Childhood Diseases United States
- University of Helsinki Finland
- Max Planck Society Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Germany
- University of California, Berkeley United States
Models, Molecular, Base Sequence, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Croatia, Fossils, Molecular Sequence Data, ECO_EVOL, Hominidae, DNA, ChemBio; DNA; Eco_Evol, Sequence Analysis, DNA, DNA, Mitochondrial, Bone and Bones, Evolution, Molecular, CHEMBIO, Cyclooxygenase 2, Eco_Evol, Genome, Mitochondrial, Animals, Humans, ChemBio
Models, Molecular, Base Sequence, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Croatia, Fossils, Molecular Sequence Data, ECO_EVOL, Hominidae, DNA, ChemBio; DNA; Eco_Evol, Sequence Analysis, DNA, DNA, Mitochondrial, Bone and Bones, Evolution, Molecular, CHEMBIO, Cyclooxygenase 2, Eco_Evol, Genome, Mitochondrial, Animals, Humans, ChemBio
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