Survivin is a member of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), which have multiple regulatory functions in mitosis, but its roles in meiosis remain unknown. Here, we report its expression, localization and functions in mouse oocyte meiosis. Survivin displayed a maximal expression level in GV stage, and then gradually decreased from Pro-MI to MII stages. Immunofluorescent staining showed that survivin was restricted to the germinal vesicle, associated with centromeres from pro-metaphase I to metaphase I stages, distributed at the midzone and midbody of anaphase and telophase spindles, and located to centromeres at metaphase II stages. Depletion of survivin by antibody injection and morpholino injection resulted in severe chromosome misalignment, precocious polar body extrusion, and larger-than-normal polar bodies. Overexpression of survivin resulted in severe chromosome misalignment and prometaphase I or metaphase I arrest in a large proportion of oocytes. Our data suggest that survivin is required for chromosome alignment and that it may regulate spindle checkpoint activity during mouse oocyte meiosis.