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The Journal of Reproduction and Development
Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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Analyses of the Regulatory Mechanism of Porcine WEE1B: The Phosphorylation Sites of Porcine WEE1B and Mouse WEE1B Are Different

Authors: Takuma, Shimaoka; Takanori, Nishimura; Kiyoshi, Kano; Kunihiko, Naito;

Analyses of the Regulatory Mechanism of Porcine WEE1B: The Phosphorylation Sites of Porcine WEE1B and Mouse WEE1B Are Different

Abstract

WEE1B, an oocyte-specific kinase, phosphorylates the CDC2 inhibitory site and maintains the meiotic arrest of oocytes at the first meiotic prophase in several mammalian species. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling WEE1B activity have not been fully examined in species other than mice. In the present study, we analyzed the regulation mechanisms of porcine WEE1B (pWEE1B), focusing on the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) phosphorylation site and intracellular localization. As the PKA phosphorylation site in mouse WEE1B (mWEE1B) was not conserved in pWEE1B, we predicted that four serine residues would be phosphorylatable by PKA in pWEE1B (Ser77, Ser118, Ser133 and Ser149) and constructed FLAG-tagged replaced-pWEE1Bs, in which each of the PKA-phosphorylatable serines was mutated into a non-phosphorylatable alanine. We injected one of their mRNAs into porcine immature oocytes and found that the Ser77-replaced pWEE1B lost the WEE1B function, whereas the wild-type and other replaced-pWEE1Bs could maintain the meiotic arrest of oocytes. Next, the localization of pWEE1B was examined by immunohistochemistry, and exclusive nuclear localization was revealed in the fully grown oocytes. We generated a nuclear localization signal (NLS)-deleted pWEE1B (ΔNLS-pWEE1B) and then overexpressed it in porcine immature oocytes. We found that ΔNLS-pWEE1B was distributed uniformly in the cytoplasm and could not maintain the meiotic arrest of porcine oocytes. These results suggest that pWEE1B is activated after phosphorylation of the Ser77 residue, which is different from the phosphorylation site that activates mWEE1B; that pWEE1B is localized in the nucleus; and that the nuclear localization is essential for its function.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Cell Nucleus, Swine, Maturation-Promoting Factor, Molecular Sequence Data, Cell Cycle Proteins, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases, Meiosis, Mice, Species Specificity, Oocytes, Animals, Humans, Female, Amino Acid Sequence, Phosphorylation

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
7
Average
Average
Average
gold