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ADAP2 Is an Interferon Stimulated Gene That Restricts RNA Virus Entry

Authors: Shu, Qian; Lennemann, Nicholas J; Sarkar, Saumendra N; Sadovsky, Yoel; Coyne, Carolyn B;

ADAP2 Is an Interferon Stimulated Gene That Restricts RNA Virus Entry

Abstract

Interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) target viruses at various stages of their infectious life cycles, including at the earliest stage of viral entry. Here we identify ArfGAP with dual pleckstrin homology (PH) domains 2 (ADAP2) as a gene upregulated by type I IFN treatment in a STAT1-dependent manner. ADAP2 functions as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for Arf6 and binds to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) and PI(3,4)P2. We show that overexpression of ADAP2 suppresses dengue virus (DENV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection in an Arf6 GAP activity-dependent manner, while exerting no effect on coxsackievirus B (CVB) or Sendai virus (SeV) replication. We further show that ADAP2 expression induces macropinocytosis and that ADAP2 strongly associates with actin-enriched membrane ruffles and with Rab8a- and LAMP1-, but not EEA1- or Rab7-, positive vesicles. Utilizing two techniques--light-sensitive neutral red (NR)-containing DENV and fluorescence assays for virus internalization--we show that ADAP2 primarily restricts DENV infection at the stage of virion entry and/or intracellular trafficking and that incoming DENV and VSV particles associate with ADAP2 during their entry. Taken together, this study identifies ADAP2 as an ISG that exerts antiviral effects against RNA viruses by altering Arf6-mediated trafficking to disrupt viral entry.

Keywords

570, QH301-705.5, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Virus Replication, Sendai virus, Cell Line, Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates, Chlorocebus aethiops, Animals, Humans, Biology (General), Vero Cells, ADP-Ribosylation Factors, GTPase-Activating Proteins, Virion, Interferon-beta, Vesiculovirus, RC581-607, Dengue Virus, Virus Internalization, Enterovirus B, Human, STAT1 Transcription Factor, ADP-Ribosylation Factor 6, Mutation, Pinocytosis, Enterovirus B, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Human, Research Article

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
39
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
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