AbstractBackground  Serological typing of the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) has shown discrepancies in HLA associations with vitiligo in different ethnic populations.Objective  To evaluate the distributions of HLA at class I and II loci that may contribute to the genetic susceptibility of vitiligo patients in Chinese Hans population.Methods  We analysed the allelic frequencies of HLA class I and II by using the polymerase chain reaction sequence‐specific primer (PCR‐SSP) method in 187 patients with vitiligo and 273 controls in Chinese Hans. The linkage disequilibrium was calculated from a 2 × 2 table.Results  Two‐locus haplotypes including HLA‐A25‐B13, HLA‐A25‐B27, HLA‐A25‐Cw*0602, HLA‐A25‐DQA1*0302, HLA‐A25‐DQA1*0601, HLA‐A25‐DQB1*0303, HLA‐B13‐Cw*0602, HLA‐B13‐DQA1*0302, HLA‐B13‐DQA1*0601, HLA‐B27‐Cw*0602, HLA‐B27‐DQA1*0302, HLA‐B27‐DQA1*0601, HLA‐B27‐DQB1*0303, HLA‐B27‐DQB1*0503, HLA‐Cw*0602‐DQA1*0302, HLA‐Cw*0602‐DQA1*0601, HLA‐Cw*0602‐DQB1*0303, HLA‐Cw*0602‐DQB1*0503 and HLA‐DQA1*0302‐DQB1*0503 were associated with all types of vitiligo in Chinese Hans. The extended haplotypes HLA‐A25‐B13‐Cw*0602, HLA‐A25‐B27‐Cw*0602, HLA‐DQA1*0302‐DQB1*0303‐Cw*0602 and HLA‐B13‐DQB1*0303‐Cw*0602 were found to be associated with all types of vitiligo in Chinese Hans, whereas the frequency of HLA‐A25‐Cw*0602‐DQA1*0302 was significantly increased in generalized vitiligo but not in localized vitiligo. The frequencies of HLA‐A25‐DQA1*0302‐DQB1*0503 and HLA‐A30‐DQA1*0302‐DQB1*0303 were higher in childhood vitiligo than in adult vitiligo, and the frequency of HLA‐A25‐B13‐DQB1*0303‐Cw*0602 was shown to be associated with adult vitiligo but not childhood vitiligo.Conclusion  This study demonstrates not only the differential association between HLA markers and types of vitiligo according to distribution or age at onset but also newly found high‐risk haplotypes in Chinese vitiligo patients.