Nitric oxide suppresses the inhibitory effect of abscisic acid on seed germination by S-nitrosylation of SnRK2 proteins
Nitric oxide suppresses the inhibitory effect of abscisic acid on seed germination by S-nitrosylation of SnRK2 proteins
Nitric oxide (NO) plays important roles in plant development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. In a recent study, we showed that endogenous NO negatively regulates abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in guard cells by inhibiting sucrose nonfermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 2.6 (SnRK2.6)/open stomata 1(OST1) through S-nitrosylation. Application of NO breaks seed dormancy and alleviates the inhibitory effect of ABA on seed germination and early seedling growth, but it is unclear how NO functions at the stages of seed germination and early seedling development. Here, we show that like SnRK2.6, SnRK2.2 can be inactivated by S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) treatment through S-nitrosylation. SnRK2.2 and the closely related SnRK2.3 are known to play redundant roles in ABA inhibition of seed germination in Arabidopsis. We found that treatment with the NO donor SNP phenocopies the snrk2.2snrk2.3 double mutant in conferring ABA insensitivity at the stages of seed germination and early seedling growth. Our results suggest that NO negatively regulates ABA signaling in germination and early seedling growth through S-nitrosylation of SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3.
- Purdue University West Lafayette United States
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences China (People's Republic of)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences China (People's Republic of)
- Purdue University System United States
Arabidopsis Proteins, Nitrosation, Molecular Sequence Data, Arabidopsis, Germination, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Nitric Oxide, Seedlings, S-Nitrosoglutathione, Seeds, Amino Acid Sequence, Abscisic Acid
Arabidopsis Proteins, Nitrosation, Molecular Sequence Data, Arabidopsis, Germination, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Nitric Oxide, Seedlings, S-Nitrosoglutathione, Seeds, Amino Acid Sequence, Abscisic Acid
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