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Molecular Biology of the Cell
Article . 2008 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
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Piecemeal Microautophagy of the Nucleus Requires the Core Macroautophagy Genes

Authors: Krick, Roswitha; Muehe, Yvonne; Prick, Tanja; Bremer, S.; Schlotterhose, Petra; Eskelinen, E-L.; Millen, Jonathan I.; +2 Authors

Piecemeal Microautophagy of the Nucleus Requires the Core Macroautophagy Genes

Abstract

Autophagy is a diverse family of processes that transport cytoplasm and organelles into the lysosome/vacuole lumen for degradation. During macroautophagy cargo is packaged in autophagosomes that fuse with the lysosome/vacuole. During microautophagy cargo is directly engulfed by the lysosome/vacuole membrane. Piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus (PMN) occurs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae at nucleus-vacuole (NV) junctions and results in the pinching-off and release into the vacuole of nonessential portions of the nucleus. Previous studies concluded macroautophagy ATG genes are not absolutely required for PMN. Here we report using two biochemical assays that PMN is efficiently inhibited in atg mutant cells: PMN blebs are produced, but vesicles are rarely released into the vacuole lumen. Electron microscopy of arrested PMN structures in atg7, atg8, and atg9 mutant cells suggests that NV-junction–associated micronuclei may normally be released from the nucleus before their complete enclosure by the vacuole membrane. In this regard PMN is similar to the microautophagy of peroxisomes (micropexophagy), where the side of the peroxisome opposite the engulfing vacuole is capped by a structure called the “micropexophagy-specific membrane apparatus” (MIPA). The MIPA contains Atg proteins and facilitates terminal enclosure and fusion steps. PMN does not require the complete vacuole homotypic fusion genes. We conclude that a spectrum of ATG genes is required for the terminal vacuole enclosure and fusion stages of PMN.

Country
Germany
Keywords

Cell Nucleus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Nuclear Envelope, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Models, Biological, Gene Expression Regulation, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Mutation, Vacuoles, Autophagy

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
178
Top 1%
Top 10%
Top 10%
Green
bronze