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Article
Data sources: UnpayWall
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Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
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Article . 2010
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Symmetry breaking and polarization of the C. elegans zygote by the polarity protein PAR-2

Authors: Seth, Zonies; Fumio, Motegi; Yingsong, Hao; Geraldine, Seydoux;

Symmetry breaking and polarization of the C. elegans zygote by the polarity protein PAR-2

Abstract

Polarization of the C. elegans zygote is initiated by ECT-2-dependent cortical flows, which mobilize the anterior PAR proteins (PAR-3, PAR-6 and PKC-3) away from the future posterior end of the embryo marked by the sperm centrosome. Here, we demonstrate the existence of a second, parallel and redundant pathway that can polarize the zygote in the absence of ECT-2-dependent cortical flows. This second pathway depends on the polarity protein PAR-2. We show that PAR-2 localizes to the cortex nearest the sperm centrosome even in the absence of cortical flows. Once on the cortex, PAR-2 antagonizes PAR-3-dependent recruitment of myosin, creating myosin flows that transport the anterior PAR complex away from PAR-2 in a positive-feedback loop. We propose that polarity in the C. elegans zygote is initiated by redundant ECT-2- and PAR-2-dependent mechanisms that lower PAR-3 levels locally, triggering a positive-feedback loop that polarizes the entire cortex.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Embryo, Nonmammalian, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Zygote, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Molecular Sequence Data, Cell Polarity, Animals, Genetically Modified, Animals, Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors, Amino Acid Sequence, Caenorhabditis elegans, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins, Alleles, Genes, Helminth, Body Patterning, Signal Transduction

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    109
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Powered by OpenAIRE graph
citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
109
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 1%
bronze