Abstract Randrianasolo, A. & P. P. Lowry II (2015). A new species of Operculicarya H. Perrier (Anacardiaceae) from western dry forest of Madagascar. Candollea 70: 57–60. In English, English and French abstracts. A new species of Operculicarya H. Perrier (Anacardiaceae) is described from material collected in dry forest on karstic limestone in western Madagascar, bringing the total number of species in the genus to nine. Operculicarya calcicola Randrian. & Lowry is distinguished from the other members of the genus by the size and shape of its leaves and leaflets, the structure of its infructescence, and the size of its fruits. An illustration is provided along with a distribution map and preliminary assessment of its risk of extinction following the IUCN Red List criteria, which indicates a status of Least Concern.