Abstract The frequencies of selected alleles in the ABO, Rh, MNS, Duffy, Kidd, Yt, Scianna, and Colton blood group systems were determined among four indigenous Chinese ethnic populations: Han, Tajik, She, and Yugu. Genotypes were determined by PCR or PCR with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). In the Han population, the frequencies of A 1 , A 2 , B , and O 1 alleles were 0.189, 0.003, 0.170, and 0.638, respectively, and the O 2 allele was not identified. Among D+ Hans, the frequencies of C and c alleles were 0.67 and 0.33 and the frequencies of E and e were 0.22 and 0.78, respectively. Among D– Hans, the frequencies of C and c alleles were 0.23 and 0.77 and the frequencies of E and e were 0.04 and 0.96, respectively. The frequencies of M and N alleles were 0.478 and 0.522 among Hans and 0.655 and 0.345 among Tajiks, respectively. The frequencies of Fy a and Fy b alleles were 0.94 and 0.06 among Hans and 0.98 and 0.02 among Shes, respectively. The frequencies of Jk a and Jk b alleles were 0.49 and 0.51 among Hans and 0.56 and 0.44 among Shes, respectively. The frequency of the Yt a allele was 1.00 among Hans. The frequencies of Yt a and Yt b alleles were 0.94 and 0.06 among Tajiks, respectively. The frequency of the Sc1 allele was 1.00 in both Han and Tajik ethnic populations. The frequency of the Co a allele was 1.00 in Han, She, and Tajik ethnic populations. Immunohematology 2005;21:10–14.