The transcription factor c-Myb and coregulator p300 have a key role in maintaining production of controlled numbers of megakaryocytes and platelets. In mice, mutations in c-Myb or p300 cause thrombocytosis in otherwise wild-type animals and can ameliorate the thrombocytopenia in mice lacking the thrombopoietin receptor, c-Mpl, a model for human congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia. To examine whether inhibition of c-Myb/p300 is effective in other models of thrombocytopenia, the effect of the c-MybPlt4 mutation on thrombocytopenia associated with reduced platelet life span in Bcl-XPlt20/Plt20 mice was assessed, as were responses in c-MybPlt4 and/or p300Plt6 mutant mice to thrombocytopenia associated with antiplatelet antibodies, chemotherapy, or bone marrow transplantation. Homozygosity of the c-MybPlt4 allele ameliorated thrombocytopenia associated with reduced platelet life span, and c-MybPlt4/+ mice exhibited more rapid than normal recovery from thrombocytopenia caused by antiplatelet serum or bone marrow transplantation. Recovery to pretreatment platelet levels was unaltered in 5-fluorouracil–treated c-MybPlt4/+ mice relative to wild-type controls, but enhanced platelet production during subsequent thrombocytosis was evident. More modest enhancement of platelet recovery after 5-fluorouracil or bone marrow transplantation was also evident in p300Plt6/+ animals. The data suggest potential utility of c-Myb/p300 as a target for therapeutic intervention in thrombocytopenia of diverse origins.