Centrioles function as core components of centrosomes and as basal bodies for the formation of cilia and flagella. Thus, effective control of centriole numbers is essential for embryogenesis, tissue homeostasis, and genome stability. In mammalian cells, the centriole duplication cycle is governed by Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4). Here we identify the E3 ubiquitin ligase Mind bomb (Mib1) as a novel interaction partner of Plk4. We show that Mib1 localizes to centriolar satellites but redistributes to centrioles in response to conditions that induce centriole amplification. The E3 ligase activity of Mib1 triggers ubiquitination of Plk4 on multiple sites, causing the formation of Lys11-, Lys29- and Lys48-ubiquitin linkages. These modifications control the abundance of Plk4 and its ability to interact with centrosomal proteins, thus counteracting centriole amplification induced by excess Plk4. Collectively, these results identify the interaction between Mib1 and Plk4 as a novel important element in the control of centriole homeostasis.