Powered by OpenAIRE graph
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Biophysical Journalarrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
Biophysical Journal
Article
License: Elsevier Non-Commercial
Data sources: UnpayWall
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
Biophysical Journal
Article . 2009
License: Elsevier Non-Commercial
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Biophysical Journal
Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
License: Elsevier Non-Commercial
Data sources: Crossref
versions View all 3 versions

Imperatoxin A, A Calcin Toxin From Pandinus Imperator Scorpions, Ablates Calcium Sparks In Permeabilized Cells

Authors: Capes, Erin M.; Valdivia, Hector H.;

Imperatoxin A, A Calcin Toxin From Pandinus Imperator Scorpions, Ablates Calcium Sparks In Permeabilized Cells

Abstract

Imperatoxin A (IpTxa) is a 33 amino acid peptide toxin from the African scorpion Pandinus imperator. Its definitive structural and functional characteristics designate it as a member of the calcin family, a unique group of peptide toxins, which to date includes Hemicalcin (HCa), Hadrucalcin (HdCa), IpTxa, Maurocalcin (MCa), and Opicalcins 1 & 2 (Opi 1 & 2). Calcins are unified by 1) a compact, globular structure containing an inhibitor cystine knot, 2) positive net charge, 3) the ability to activate ryanodine receptors (RyR) with high affinity and selectivity, and 4) presumed or confirmed cell-penetrating capabilities. Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of MCa to carry a fluorescent cargo to the interior of intact cells, and we have used a similar method to confirm that IpTxa is also a cell-penetrator. In addition, we have demonstrated IpTxa's ability to transiently enhance calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of intact cells. In the current study, we used confocal microscopy to explore the effects of IpTxa on saponin-permeabilized cells. Perfusion of 10nM IpTxa on cells resulted in a dramatic reduction of sparks to as low as 1% of control within two minutes. This effect was even more pronounced and rapid in the presence of 50nM toxin, with complete ablation of sparks in less than 1 minute. At the same time, mean fluorescence is often increased in our scans relative to control, although rapid application of caffeine reveals that SR calcium content is retained. Our results suggest that IpTxa depletes calcium from the SR, a hypothesis that would explain not only the ablation of sparks, but also the transient nature of enhanced calcium release in intact cells observed upon perfusion with IpTxa.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Biophysics

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    citations
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    1
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
hybrid