Investigation of Molecular Details of Keap1-Nrf2 Inhibitors Using Molecular Dynamics and Umbrella Sampling Techniques
Investigation of Molecular Details of Keap1-Nrf2 Inhibitors Using Molecular Dynamics and Umbrella Sampling Techniques
In this study, we investigate the atomistic details of Keap1-Nrf2 inhibitors by in-depth modeling techniques, including molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and the path-based free energy method of umbrella sampling (US). The protein–protein interaction (PPI) of Keap1-Nrf2 is implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases like cancer, diabetes, and cardiomyopathy. A better understanding of the five sub-pocket binding sites for Nrf2 (ETGE and DLG motifs) inside the Kelch domain would expedite the inhibitor design process. We selected four protein–ligand complexes with distinct co-crystal ligands and binding occupancies inside the Nrf2 binding site. We performed 100 ns of MD simulation for each complex and analyzed the trajectories. From the results, it is evident that one ligand (1VV) has flipped inside the binding pocket, whereas the remaining three were stable. We found that Coulombic (Arg483, Arg415, Ser363, Ser508, and Ser602) and Lennard–Jones (Tyr525, Tyr334, and Tyr572) interactions played a significant role in complex stability. The obtained binding free energy values from US simulations were consistent with the potencies of simulated ligands. US simulation highlight the importance of basic and aromatic residues in the binding pocket. A detailed description of the dissociation process brings valuable insight into the interaction of the four selected protein–ligand complexes, which could help in the future to design more potent PPI inhibitors.
- Korea Institute of Science and Technolog
- Korea Institute of Science and Technolog
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Korea (Republic of)
- Korea University of Science and Technology Korea (Republic of)
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Korea (Republic of)
MD simulations, Binding Sites, Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1, Molecular Structure, molecular modeling, NF-E2-Related Factor 2, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Keap1-NRF2 inhibitors, Hydrogen Bonding, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Ligands, Article, US simulation, Molecular Docking Simulation, Structure-Activity Relationship, Drug Discovery, PPI inhibition, binding free energy, Protein Binding
MD simulations, Binding Sites, Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1, Molecular Structure, molecular modeling, NF-E2-Related Factor 2, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Keap1-NRF2 inhibitors, Hydrogen Bonding, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Ligands, Article, US simulation, Molecular Docking Simulation, Structure-Activity Relationship, Drug Discovery, PPI inhibition, binding free energy, Protein Binding
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