The analysis of 51 genes in DSM-IV combined type attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: association signals in DRD4, DAT1 and 16 other genes
Copyright policy )The analysis of 51 genes in DSM-IV combined type attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: association signals in DRD4, DAT1 and 16 other genes
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, starting in early childhood and persisting into adulthood in the majority of cases. Family and twin studies have demonstrated the importance of genetic factors and candidate gene association studies have identified several loci that exert small but significant effects on ADHD. To provide further clarification of reported associations and identify novel associated genes, we examined 1,038 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning 51 candidate genes involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter pathways, particularly dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin pathways, in addition to circadian rhythm genes. Analysis used within family tests of association in a sample of 776 DSM-IV ADHD combined type cases ascertained for the International Multi-centre ADHD Gene project. We found nominal significance with one or more SNPs in 18 genes, including the two most replicated findings in the literature: DRD4 and DAT1. Gene-wide tests, adjusted for the number of SNPs analysed in each gene, identified associations with TPH2, ARRB2, SYP, DAT1, ADRB2, HES1, MAOA and PNMT. Further studies will be needed to confirm or refute the observed associations and their generalisability to other samples.
- State University of New York at Potsdam United States
- Lancaster University United Kingdom
- University of Valencia Spain
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Netherlands
- University of Basel Switzerland
Dopamine, Medizin, Receptors, Nicotinic, Tryptophan Hydroxylase, NCMLS 6: Genetics and epigenetic pathways of disease, Linkage Disequilibrium, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, DCN 3: Neuroinformatics, Child, UMCN 3.2: Cognitive neurosciences, Oncogene Proteins, ddc:610, DNA POOLING ANALYSIS, serotonin, Pedigree, Association study, Child, Preschool, dopamine, EBP 1: Determinants in Health and Disease, Genetic Markers, Serotonin, Candidate gene, DCN 1: Perception and Action, Adolescent, Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25, DCN 2: Functional Neurogenomics, NCEBP 9: Mental health, 610, association study, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, MONOAMINE-OXIDASE-A, IGMD 3: Genomic disorders and inherited multi-system disorders, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, 616, Linkage disequilibrium, ADHD, Humans, 5-HT1B RECEPTOR GENE, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Medizinische Fakultät » Universitätsklinikum Essen » LVR-Klinikum Essen » Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Monoamine Oxidase, SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER GENE, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, DOPAMINE-BETA-HYDROXYLASE, Medizinische Fakultät » Universitätsklinikum Essen » LVR-Klinikum Essen » Klinik für Psychiatrie, Siblings, Receptors, Dopamine D4, candidate gene, PREFERENTIAL TRANSMISSION, CATECHOL-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, Haplotypes, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, CONDUCT DISORDER, Noradrenaline, noradrenaline, DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, NO EVIDENCE, linkage disequilibrium, ddc: ddc:610
Dopamine, Medizin, Receptors, Nicotinic, Tryptophan Hydroxylase, NCMLS 6: Genetics and epigenetic pathways of disease, Linkage Disequilibrium, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, DCN 3: Neuroinformatics, Child, UMCN 3.2: Cognitive neurosciences, Oncogene Proteins, ddc:610, DNA POOLING ANALYSIS, serotonin, Pedigree, Association study, Child, Preschool, dopamine, EBP 1: Determinants in Health and Disease, Genetic Markers, Serotonin, Candidate gene, DCN 1: Perception and Action, Adolescent, Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25, DCN 2: Functional Neurogenomics, NCEBP 9: Mental health, 610, association study, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, MONOAMINE-OXIDASE-A, IGMD 3: Genomic disorders and inherited multi-system disorders, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, 616, Linkage disequilibrium, ADHD, Humans, 5-HT1B RECEPTOR GENE, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Medizinische Fakultät » Universitätsklinikum Essen » LVR-Klinikum Essen » Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Monoamine Oxidase, SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER GENE, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, DOPAMINE-BETA-HYDROXYLASE, Medizinische Fakultät » Universitätsklinikum Essen » LVR-Klinikum Essen » Klinik für Psychiatrie, Siblings, Receptors, Dopamine D4, candidate gene, PREFERENTIAL TRANSMISSION, CATECHOL-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, Haplotypes, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, CONDUCT DISORDER, Noradrenaline, noradrenaline, DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, NO EVIDENCE, linkage disequilibrium, ddc: ddc:610
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