Clinical and genetic analysis of a family with two rare reflex epilepsies
pmid: 26076849
Clinical and genetic analysis of a family with two rare reflex epilepsies
To determine clinical phenotypes, evolution and genetic background of a large family with a combination of two unusual forms of reflex epilepsies.Phenotyping was performed in eighteen family members (10 F, 8 M) including standardized EEG recordings with intermittent photic stimulation (IPS). Genetic analyses (linkage scans, Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) and Functional studies) were performed using photoparoxysmal EEG responses (PPRs) as affection status.The proband suffered from speaking induced jaw-jerks and increasing limb jerks evoked by flickering sunlight since about 50 years of age. Three of her family members had the same phenotype. Generalized PPRs were found in seven members (six above 50 years of age) with myoclonus during the PPR. Evolution was typical: Sensitivity to lights with migraine-like complaints around adolescence, followed by jerks evoked by lights and spontaneously with dropping of objects, and strong increase of light sensitivity and onset of talking induced jaw jerks around 50 years. Linkage analysis showed suggestive evidence for linkage to four genomic regions. All photosensitive family members shared a heterozygous R129C mutation in the SCNM1 gene that regulates splicing of voltage gated ion channels. Mutation screening of 134 unrelated PPR patients and 95 healthy controls, did not replicate these findings.This family presents a combination of two rare reflex epilepsies. Genetic analysis favors four genomic regions and points to a shared SCNM1 mutation that was not replicated in a general cohort of photosensitive subjects. Further genetic studies in families with similar combination of features are warranted.
- Amsterdam UMC Netherlands
- Utrecht University Netherlands
- University of Catania Italy
- University of Milan Italy
- Roma Tre University Italy
Adult, Male, Clinical Neurology, 610, Functional study, PPR, DISEASE, 7Q32, Epilepsy, Reflex, White People, Orofacial myoclonu, 576, Young Adult, Photosensitivity, LINKAGE, Humans, Family, EEG, Aged, Netherlands, Aged, 80 and over, Epilepsy, Middle Aged, PHOTOSENSITIVITY, Pedigree, epilepsy; SCNM1 mutation; orofacial myoclonus; PPR; photosensitivity, Orofacial myoclonus, Phenotype, Neurology, SCNM1 mutation, Mutation, SEIZURES, Female, Neurology (clinical), RNA Splicing Factors, IDIOPATHIC GENERALIZED EPILEPSY, Carrier Proteins, 16P13, Photic Stimulation
Adult, Male, Clinical Neurology, 610, Functional study, PPR, DISEASE, 7Q32, Epilepsy, Reflex, White People, Orofacial myoclonu, 576, Young Adult, Photosensitivity, LINKAGE, Humans, Family, EEG, Aged, Netherlands, Aged, 80 and over, Epilepsy, Middle Aged, PHOTOSENSITIVITY, Pedigree, epilepsy; SCNM1 mutation; orofacial myoclonus; PPR; photosensitivity, Orofacial myoclonus, Phenotype, Neurology, SCNM1 mutation, Mutation, SEIZURES, Female, Neurology (clinical), RNA Splicing Factors, IDIOPATHIC GENERALIZED EPILEPSY, Carrier Proteins, 16P13, Photic Stimulation
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