PINCH‐2 presents functional copy number variation and suppresses migration of colon cancer cells by paracrine activity
doi: 10.1002/ijc.29273
pmid: 25346044
PINCH‐2 presents functional copy number variation and suppresses migration of colon cancer cells by paracrine activity
In recent years, characterization of cancer and its environment has become necessary. However, studies of the cancer microenvironment remain insufficient. Copy number variations (CNVs) occur in 40% of cancer‐related genes, but few studies have reported the correlation between CNVs in morphologically normal tissues adjacent to cancer and cancer progression. In this study, we evaluated cancer cell migration and invasion according to the genetic differences between cancer tissues and their surrounding normal tissues. To study the field cancerization effect, we screened 89 systemic metastasis‐related CNVs from morphologically normal tissues adjacent to colon cancers. Among these CNVs, LIM and senescent cell antigen‐like domain 2 (PINCH‐2) showed copy number amplification and upregulation of mRNA in the nonrelapsed group compared to the systemic relapse group. PINCH‐2 expression in colon cancer cells was lower than that in normal epithelial colon cells at both the protein and mRNA levels. Suppression of PINCH‐2 resulted in decreased formation of the PINCH‐2‐IPP (PINCH‐2, integrin‐linked kinase and α‐parvin) complex and reciprocally increased formation of the PINCH‐1‐IPP complex. Although PINCH‐2 expression of survival pathway‐related proteins (Akt and phospho‐Akt) did not change upon suppression of PINCH‐2 expression, cell migration‐related proteins [matrix‐metalloproteinase (MMP)−9 and −11] were upregulated through autocrine and paracrine activation. Thus, PINCH‐2 participates in decreased systemic recurrence by competitively regulating IPP complex formation with PINCH‐1, thereby suppressing autocrine and paracrine effects on motility in colon cancer. This genetic change in morphologically normal tissue suggests a field cancerization effect of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression.
- Severance Hospital Korea (Republic of)
- Yonsei University Health System Korea (Republic of)
- Yonsei University Medical Library Korea (Republic of)
- University Health System United States
- Yonsei University Korea (Republic of)
LIM Domain Proteins/metabolism*, Male, Membrane Proteins/genetics*, DNA Copy Number Variations, 610, Signal Transducing/genetics*, Paracrine Communication*, DNA Copy Number Variations*, Cell Line, Colonic Neoplasms/pathology*, Cell Movement, Paracrine Communication, PINCH-2, Humans, Membrane Proteins/metabolism*, Neoplasm Metastasis, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, IPP complex, Neoplastic, Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism, Signal Transducing/metabolism*, Systemic metastasis, Gene Amplification, Adaptor Proteins, 500, Membrane Proteins, Colonic Neoplasms/genetics, LIM Domain Proteins, HCT116 Cells, Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism, Up-Regulation, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Cytoskeletal Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, colon cancer, array-CGH, Colonic Neoplasms, Female, LIM Domain Proteins/genetics*, copy number variants, Signal Transduction
LIM Domain Proteins/metabolism*, Male, Membrane Proteins/genetics*, DNA Copy Number Variations, 610, Signal Transducing/genetics*, Paracrine Communication*, DNA Copy Number Variations*, Cell Line, Colonic Neoplasms/pathology*, Cell Movement, Paracrine Communication, PINCH-2, Humans, Membrane Proteins/metabolism*, Neoplasm Metastasis, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, IPP complex, Neoplastic, Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism, Signal Transducing/metabolism*, Systemic metastasis, Gene Amplification, Adaptor Proteins, 500, Membrane Proteins, Colonic Neoplasms/genetics, LIM Domain Proteins, HCT116 Cells, Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism, Up-Regulation, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Cytoskeletal Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, colon cancer, array-CGH, Colonic Neoplasms, Female, LIM Domain Proteins/genetics*, copy number variants, Signal Transduction
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