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Müller Glia Activation in Response to Inherited Retinal Degeneration Is Highly Varied and Disease-Specific

Authors: Hippert, Claire; Graca, Anna B; Barber, Amanda C; West, Emma L; Smith, Alexander J; Ali, Robin R; Pearson, Rachael A;

Müller Glia Activation in Response to Inherited Retinal Degeneration Is Highly Varied and Disease-Specific

Abstract

Despite different aetiologies, most inherited retinal disorders culminate in photoreceptor loss, which induces concomitant changes in the neural retina, one of the most striking being reactive gliosis by Müller cells. It is typically assumed that photoreceptor loss leads to an upregulation of glial fibrilliary acidic protein (Gfap) and other intermediate filament proteins, together with other gliosis-related changes, including loss of integrity of the outer limiting membrane (OLM) and deposition of proteoglycans. However, this is based on a mix of both injury-induced and genetic causes of photoreceptor loss. There are very few longitudinal studies of gliosis in the retina and none comparing these changes across models over time. Here, we present a comprehensive spatiotemporal assessment of features of gliosis in the degenerating murine retina that involves Müller glia. Specifically, we assessed Gfap, vimentin and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) levels and outer limiting membrane (OLM) integrity over time in four murine models of inherited photoreceptor degeneration that encompass a range of disease severities (Crb1rd8/rd8, Prph2+/Δ307, Rho-/-, Pde6brd1/rd1). These features underwent very different changes, depending upon the disease-causing mutation, and that these changes are not correlated with disease severity. Intermediate filament expression did indeed increase with disease progression in Crb1rd8/rd8 and Prph2+/Δ307, but decreased in the Prph2+/Δ307 and Pde6brd1/rd1 models. CSPG deposition usually, but not always, followed the trends in intermediate filament expression. The OLM adherens junctions underwent significant remodelling in all models, but with differences in the composition of the resulting junctions; in Rho-/- mice, the adherens junctions maintained the typical rod-Müller glia interactions, while in the Pde6brd1/rd1 model they formed predominantly between Müller cells in late stage of degeneration. Together, these results show that gliosis and its associated processes are variable and disease-dependent.

Country
United Kingdom
Keywords

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Peripherins/metabolism, 570, Science, Blotting, Western, Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism, Peripherins, 610, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Inbred C57BL, Retinal Degeneration/physiopathology, Retina, Mice, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, Animals, Vimentin, Microscopy, Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 6, Microscopy, Confocal, Blotting, Vimentin/metabolism, Retina/pathology, Q, Retinal Degeneration, R, Proteoglycans/metabolism, Immunohistochemistry, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Confocal, Type 6/metabolism, Medicine, Proteoglycans, Western, Research Article

  • BIP!
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    citations
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    115
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    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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    influence
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    Top 10%
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 1%
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
115
Top 1%
Top 10%
Top 1%
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gold