Developmental nonlinearity drives phenotypic robustness
Copyright policy )Developmental nonlinearity drives phenotypic robustness
AbstractRobustness to perturbation is a fundamental feature of complex organisms. Mutations are the raw material for evolution, yet robustness to their effects is required for species survival. The mechanisms that produce robustness are poorly understood. Nonlinearities are a ubiquitous feature of development that may link variation in development to phenotypic robustness. Here, we manipulate the gene dosage of a signaling molecule, Fgf8, a critical regulator of vertebrate development. We demonstrate that variation in Fgf8 expression has a nonlinear relationship to phenotypic variation, predicting levels of robustness among genotypes. Differences in robustness are not due to gene expression variance or dysregulation, but emerge from the nonlinearity of the genotype–phenotype curve. In this instance, embedded features of development explain robustness differences. How such features vary in natural populations and relate to genetic variation are key questions for unraveling the origin and evolvability of this feature of organismal development.
- University of Calgary Canada
- University of California, San Francisco United States
- University of Massachusetts Lowell United States
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign United States
Male, Fibroblast Growth Factor 8, Genotype, Evolution, Science, Gene Dosage, Gene Expression, Species Survival, Article, Evolution, Molecular, Mice, Rare Diseases, Genetic, Models, Genetics, Animals, Computer Simulation, Gene Regulatory Networks, Robustness, Biology, Models, Genetic, Q, Phenotypic Robustness, Genotype Nonlinearity, Molecular, Genetic Variation, Biological Evolution, Phenotype, Gene Expression Regulation, Nonlinear Dynamics, Mutation, RNA
Male, Fibroblast Growth Factor 8, Genotype, Evolution, Science, Gene Dosage, Gene Expression, Species Survival, Article, Evolution, Molecular, Mice, Rare Diseases, Genetic, Models, Genetics, Animals, Computer Simulation, Gene Regulatory Networks, Robustness, Biology, Models, Genetic, Q, Phenotypic Robustness, Genotype Nonlinearity, Molecular, Genetic Variation, Biological Evolution, Phenotype, Gene Expression Regulation, Nonlinear Dynamics, Mutation, RNA
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