Toll-like receptors differentially regulate GPCR kinases and arrestins in primary macrophages
pmid: 18180038
Toll-like receptors differentially regulate GPCR kinases and arrestins in primary macrophages
G-protein coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) and arrestins (ARRs) are ubiquitously distributed crucial signaling proteins that are critical in the regulation of responsiveness of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (class of pattern recognition receptors) play a vital role in macrophage biology and innate immunity. Because GPCR responsiveness is regulated in part by the expression levels of GRKs/ARRs, the focus of this work was to uncover potential cross-talk mechanisms between TLRs and GPCRs via regulation of GRK/ARR expression in primary mouse macrophages. We demonstrate here that activation of TLR2 and 4 (but not TLR3 and 7) significantly decrease ARR2 but not ARR3 protein levels in macrophages. Compared to this, activation of TLR2, 4, and 7 (but not TLR3) significantly decrease GRK5 and 6 protein levels. Surprisingly, GRK2 protein levels are markedly increased by TLR2, 3, 4 and 7. Mechanistically, expression of ARR2 and GRK5 are regulated at transcriptional as well as post-translational levels. Downregulation of GRK6 by LPS is regulated primarily at the post-translational level. TLR4-induced GRK2 level, however, is both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally regulated. Our results demonstrate previously unknown crucial regulatory mechanisms that alter ARR/GRK expression levels in macrophages that might modify many, if not all, GPCR-mediated innate immune responses.
- Michigan State University United States
Lipopolysaccharides, Arrestins, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Macrophages, RNA Stability, Toll-Like Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases, beta-Arrestin 2, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Toll-Like Receptor 2, I-kappa B Kinase, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Toll-Like Receptor 4, Mice, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Enzyme Inhibitors, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Cells, Cultured, beta-Arrestins
Lipopolysaccharides, Arrestins, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Macrophages, RNA Stability, Toll-Like Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases, beta-Arrestin 2, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Toll-Like Receptor 2, I-kappa B Kinase, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Toll-Like Receptor 4, Mice, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Enzyme Inhibitors, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Cells, Cultured, beta-Arrestins
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