Alterations of brain and plasma α‐synuclein levels and SNCA gene variability have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). We therefore measured α‐synuclein protein levels in postmortem PD and control cerebellum tissue using Western blot and investigated whether the levels correlated to SNCA genotype. We found markedly decreased α‐synuclein levels in PD patients ( n =16) compared to gender‐and age‐matched controls ( n =14; P = 0.004) normalized to α‐tubulin. We also performed an association study of the noncoding polymorphisms rs2737029 (A/G) and rs356204 (A/G) (intron 4), and of rs356219 (T/C) (34′‐region) of SNCAin a Swedish PD case‐control material. Using a two‐sided χ test, we found significant association of rs2737029 ( P = 0.003; χ 2 =9.07) and rs356204 ( P =0.048; χ 2 =3.91) with disease, strengthening the involvement of SNCA polymorphisms in sporadic PD. Stratification of the human postmortem brain material by genotype of the three investigated polymorphisms, did not indicate any influence of genotype on α‐synuclein protein levels when comparing PD with controls. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the investigated Parkinson patients have markedly reduced levels of α‐synuclein in cerebellum, and that this reduction is general, rather then correlated to the investigated polymorphisms, although two of the polymorphisms also associated with disease in a Swedish material.—Westerlund, M., Belin, A. C., Anvret, A., Håkansson, A., Nissbrandt, H., Lind, C., Sydow, O., Olson, L., and Galter, D. Cerebellar α‐synuclein levels are decreased in Parkinson's disease and do not correlate with SNCA polymorphisms associated with disease in a Swedish material. FASEB J. 22, 3509–3514 (2008)