# Data from: The first Permian Diaphanopterodea (Insecta, Megasecopteromorpha) from China [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.fqz612jzg](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.fqz612jzg) ## Description of the data and file structure The dataset contains a RTI (Reflectance Transformation Imaging) of the right forewing of the fossil insect specimen Ld LAP 365 (Musée of Lodève, France), holotype of *Permelmoa magnifica* (Prokop & Nel, 2011). The RTI files composing this dataset was derived from 2 different sets of 42 photographs obtained using a light dome of about 30 cm in diameter and equipped with 42 LEDs. Both the light dome and camera (a Canon EOS 5DS equipped with a MP-E 65 mm macro lens, all Canon, Tokyo, Japan) were driven by a control box (dome and control box, Flydome, Paris, France). Obtained images were then batch-optimized using Adobe Photoshop CS6 and were further compiled into an RTI file using the RTI Builder software v. 2.0.2 using the HSH fitter (software freely available from Cultural Heritage Imaging, San Francisco, CA, USA). ## Code/Software The RTI file composing this dataset can be opened using RTIviewer (software freely available from Cultural Heritage Imaging, San Francisco, CA, USA).

The dataset contains two RTI (Reflectance Transformation Imaging) files of the right forewing of the fossil insect specimen Ld LAP 365 (Musée of Lodève, France), holotype of Permelmoa magnifica (Prokop & Nel, 2011). The RTI files composing this dataset was derived from 2 different sets of 42 photographs obtained using a light dome of about 30 cm in diameter and equipped with 42 LEDs. Both the light dome and camera (a Canon EOS 5DS equipped with a MP-E 65 mm macro lens, all Canon, Tokyo, Japan) were driven by a control box (dome and control box, Flydome, Paris, France). Obtained images were then batch-optimized using Adobe Photoshop CS6 and were further compiled into an RTI file using the RTI Builder software v. 2.0.2 using the HSH fitter (software freely available from Cultural Heritage Imaging, San Francisco, CA, USA).

A new Diaphanopterodea (Insecta, Palaeoptera, Megasecopteromorpha), Sinoelmoa yangquanensis gen. et sp. nov., is described based on a single specimen discovered from the Shuiquan Gully locality (Shanxi Formation; Permian, Cisuralian, Asselian; China). A broad comparative analysis of the wing venation of the known members of the diaphanopterodean families Parelmoidae and Elmoidae allowed assigning the new taxon to the former family. This new occurrence represents the first record of a Permian Diaphanopterodea from China, and both the earliest and most oriental record for the Parelmoidae. It sheds new light on the distribution and diversity of these extinct taxa.