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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao European Journal of ...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
European Journal of Immunology
Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
Data sources: Crossref
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IL‐21 enhances the potential of human γδ T cells to provide B‐cell help

Authors: Raj R, Bansal; Charles R, Mackay; Bernhard, Moser; Matthias, Eberl;

IL‐21 enhances the potential of human γδ T cells to provide B‐cell help

Abstract

AbstractVγ9/Vδ2 T cells are a minor subset of T cells in human blood and differ from all other lymphocytes by their specific responsiveness to (E)‐4‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐but‐2‐enyl pyrophosphate (HMB‐PP), a metabolite produced by a large range of microbial pathogens. Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells can be skewed towards distinct effector functions, in analogy to, and beyond, the emerging plasticity of CD4+ T cells. As such, depending on the microenvironment, Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells can assume features reminiscent of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells as well as professional APCs. We here demonstrate that Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells express markers associated with follicular B helper T (TFH) cells when stimulated with HMB‐PP in the presence of IL‐21. HMB‐PP induces upregulation of IL‐21R on Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells. In return, IL‐21 plays a co‐stimulatory role in the expression of the B‐cell‐attracting chemokine CXCL13, the CXCL13 receptor CXCR5 and the inducible co‐stimulator by activated Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells, and enhances their potential to support antibody production by B cells. The interaction between HMB‐PP‐responsive Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells, IL‐21‐producing TFH cells and B cells in secondary lymphoid tissues is likely to impact on the generation of high affinity, class‐switched antibodies in microbial infections.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Receptors, CXCR5, B-Lymphocytes, Interleukins, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta, Flow Cytometry, Lymphocyte Activation, Chemokine CXCL13, Up-Regulation, Interleukin-21, Diphosphates, Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Humans

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    citations
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    103
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Top 10%
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
103
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%