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Evolution of genital asymmetry, exaggerated eye stalks, and extreme palpal elongation in Panjange spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae)

تطور عدم تناسق الأعضاء التناسلية، سيقان العين المبالغ فيها، والاستطالة اللمسية الشديدة في عناكب بانجانج (Araneae: Pholcidae)
Authors: Bernhard A. Huber; Olga M. Nuñeza;

Evolution of genital asymmetry, exaggerated eye stalks, and extreme palpal elongation in Panjange spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae)

Abstract

We describe several new species of the previously monotypic Panjange lanthana species group from the Philippines and document their extraordinary morphology. Some species show strong male genital asymmetry, a phenomenon that seems to be exceedingly rare in spiders. Males of most species have eye stalks, and in two species these eye stalks are among the longest ever recorded in spiders. Some species show a tendency for male genital (pedipalp) elongation, and one species has the longest and thinnest palps ever recorded in Pholcidae. A cladistic analysis is performed including all described and several undescribed species of Panjange (except for one “problem species”), supporting the lanthana group and its close relationship with members of the possibly paraphyletic cavicola group. The following eight new species are described: Panjange malagos Huber sp. nov.; Pa. casaroro Huber sp. nov.; Pa. camiguin Huber sp. nov.; Pa. hamiguitan Huber sp. nov.; Pa. isarog Huber sp. nov.; Pa. dinagat Huber sp. nov.; Pa. marilog Huber sp. nov.; Pa. bukidnon Huber sp. nov.

Keywords

Arthropoda, Evolution, palpal elongation ; Genital asymmetry ; Philippines ; sexual selection ; Panjange ; eye stalks, Philippines, Phylogenetic Analysis of Spiders and Their Evolution, 590, Biochemistry, Gene, palpal elongation, Cladistics, Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Arachnida, Genetics, sexual selection, Animalia, Spider, Genital asymmetry, Biology, DNA Barcoding for Lepidoptera Taxonomy and Evolution, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Taxonomy, Panjange, Botany, Life Sciences, Biodiversity, Taxonomy (biology), Phylogenetics, QL1-991, eye stalks, QK1-989, FOS: Biological sciences, Pholcidae, ddc:590, Araneae, Phylogeny and Evolution of Coleoptera Beetles, Zoology

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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