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Synthetic-Evolution Reveals Narrow Paths to Regulation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mitotic Kinesin-5 Cin8

Authors: Goldstein, Alina; Goldman, Darya; Valk, Ervin; Loog, Mart; Holt, Liam J.; Gheber, Larisa;

Synthetic-Evolution Reveals Narrow Paths to Regulation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mitotic Kinesin-5 Cin8

Abstract

Cdk1 has been found to phosphorylate the majority of its substrates in disordered regions, but some substrates maintain precise phosphosite positions over billions of years. Here, we examined the phosphoregulation of the kinesin-5, Cin8, using synthetic Cdk1-sites. We first analyzed the three native Cdk1 sites within the catalytic motor domain. Any single site conferred regulation, but to different extents. Synthetic sites were then systematically generated by single amino-acid substitutions, starting from a phosphodeficient variant of Cin8. Out of 29 synthetic Cdk1 sites, 8 disrupted function; 19 were neutral, similar to the phospho-deficient variant; and only two gave rise to phosphorylation-dependent spindle phenotypes. Of these two, one was immediately adjacent to a native Cdk1 site. Only one novel site position resulted in phospho-regulation. This site was sampled elsewhere in evolution, but the synthetic version was inefficient in S. cerevisiae. This study shows that a single phosphorylation site can modulate complex spindle dynamics, but likely requires further evolution to optimally regulate the precise reaction cycle of a mitotic motor.

Keywords

Models, Molecular, Binding Sites, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Kinesins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Spindle Apparatus, Evolution, Molecular, Amino Acid Substitution, Sequence Analysis, Protein, CDC2 Protein Kinase, Amino Acid Sequence, Phosphorylation, Research Paper

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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
6
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green
gold