Delineation ofEFTUD2Haploinsufficiency-Related Phenotypes Through a Series of 36 Patients
doi: 10.1002/humu.22517
pmid: 24470203
Delineation ofEFTUD2Haploinsufficiency-Related Phenotypes Through a Series of 36 Patients
Mandibulofacial dysostosis, Guion-Almeida type (MFDGA) is a recently delineated multiple congenital anomalies/mental retardation syndrome characterized by the association of mandibulofacial dysostosis (MFD) with external ear malformations, hearing loss, cleft palate, choanal atresia, microcephaly, intellectual disability, oesophageal atresia (OA), congenital heart defects (CHDs), and radial ray defects. MFDGA emerges as a clinically recognizable entity, long underdiagnosed due to highly variable presentations. The main differential diagnoses are CHARGE and Feingold syndromes, oculoauriculovertebral spectrum, and other MFDs. EFTUD2, located on 17q21.31, encodes a component of the major spliceosome and is disease causing in MFDGA, due to heterozygous loss-of-function (LoF) mutations. Here, we describe a series of 36 cases of MFDGA, including 24 previously unreported cases, and we review the literature in order to delineate the clinical spectrum ascribed to EFTUD2 LoF. MFD, external ear anomalies, and intellectual deficiency occur at a higher frequency than microcephaly. We characterize the evolution of the facial gestalt at different ages and describe novel renal and cerebral malformations. The most frequent extracranial malformation in this series is OA, followed by CHDs and skeletal abnormalities. MFDGA is probably more frequent than other syndromic MFDs such as Nager or Miller syndromes. Although the wide spectrum of malformations complicates diagnosis, characteristic facial features provide a useful handle.
- Wrocław Medical University Poland
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux France
- Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí Spain
- Hôpital Maison Blanche France
- University of Bordeaux France
Male, Ophthalmoplegia, Infant, Haploinsufficiency, Peptide Elongation Factors, EFTUD2; spliceosome; mandibulofacial dysostosis; microcephaly, Anus, Imperforate, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Loss, Bilateral, Phenotype, Child, Preschool, Intellectual Disability, Mutation, Microcephaly, Humans, Abnormalities, Multiple, Female, Ear, External, Child, Hand Deformities, Congenital, Mandibulofacial Dysostosis
Male, Ophthalmoplegia, Infant, Haploinsufficiency, Peptide Elongation Factors, EFTUD2; spliceosome; mandibulofacial dysostosis; microcephaly, Anus, Imperforate, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Loss, Bilateral, Phenotype, Child, Preschool, Intellectual Disability, Mutation, Microcephaly, Humans, Abnormalities, Multiple, Female, Ear, External, Child, Hand Deformities, Congenital, Mandibulofacial Dysostosis
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