Caveolin-1 and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) are proteins that are involved in cellular cholesterol efflux. In this study, we analyzed the relationships between caveolin-1 and ABCA1 on high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated cholesterol efflux in rat aortic endothelial cells.Overexpression of caveolin-1 by transfection with caveolin-1 cDNA in aortic endothelial cells up-regulated ABCA1 expression and enhanced cholesterol efflux. Suppression of caveolin-1 by siRNA decreased ABCA1 expression and reduced cholesterol efflux. The number of caveolae increased after transfection with caveolin-1 into cells. Immunoprecipitation assays revealed a molecular interaction between caveolin-1 and ABCA1 in the plasma membrane and in the cytoplasm after HDL incubation. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that caveolin-1 colocalized with ABCA1 in the caveolae and in the cytoplasmic vesicles; it was also found that caveolin-1 and ABCA1 colocalized with cellular cholesterol by immunofluorescence microscopy. Blocking of intracellular lipid transport by inhibitors disrupted the interaction between caveolin-1 and ABCA1 and reduced cholesterol to methyl-beta-cyclodextrin and HDL.The molecular interaction between caveolin-1 and ABCA1 is associated with the HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux pathway in aortic endothelial cells.