AKAP9 regulation of microtubule dynamics promotes Epac1-induced endothelial barrier properties
AKAP9 regulation of microtubule dynamics promotes Epac1-induced endothelial barrier properties
AbstractAdhesive forces at endothelial cell-cell borders maintain vascular integrity. cAMP enhances barrier properties and controls cellular processes through protein kinase A bound to A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). It also activates exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac1), an exchange factor for Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) GTPases that promotes cadherin- and integrin-mediated adhesion through effects on the actin cytoskeleton. We demonstrate that AKAP9 facilitates the microtubule polymerization rate in endothelial cells, interacts with Epac1, and is required for Epac1-stimulated microtubule growth. AKAP9 is not required for maintaining barrier properties under steady-state conditions. Rather, it is essential when the cell is challenged to make new adhesive contacts, as is the case when Epac activation enhances barrier function through a mechanism that, surprisingly, requires integrin adhesion at cell-cell contacts. In the present study, defects in Epac-induced responses in AKAP9-silenced cells were evident despite an intact Epac-induced increase in Rap activation, cortical actin, and vascular endothelial-cadherin adhesion. We describe a pathway that integrates Epac-mediated signals with AKAP9-dependent microtubule dynamics to coordinate integrins at lateral borders.
- Brigham and Women's Faulkner Hospital United States
- University of Illinois at Chicago United States
- Kobe University Japan
Microscopy, Confocal, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Blotting, Western, A Kinase Anchor Proteins, Endothelial Cells, Cell Separation, Flow Cytometry, Immunohistochemistry, Microtubules, Cytoskeletal Proteins, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Cell Adhesion, Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors, Humans, Immunoprecipitation, Protein Isoforms, RNA Interference, Signal Transduction
Microscopy, Confocal, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Blotting, Western, A Kinase Anchor Proteins, Endothelial Cells, Cell Separation, Flow Cytometry, Immunohistochemistry, Microtubules, Cytoskeletal Proteins, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Cell Adhesion, Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors, Humans, Immunoprecipitation, Protein Isoforms, RNA Interference, Signal Transduction
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