Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes catalyze the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to cellular substrates. Here we describe the isolation of a novel ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme from human placenta and the cloning of the corresponding cDNA. DNA sequencing revealed that this gene, UbcH2, encodes a protein with significant sequence similarity to yeast UBC8. In contrast to a previous report (Qin, S., Nakajima, B., Nomura, M., and Arfin, S. M. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 15549-15554), we discovered that UBC8 is interrupted by a single intron bearing an unusual branch point sequence. The revised amino acid sequence of yeast UBC8 exhibits 54% amino acid sequence identity to human UbcH2. Moreover, full-length UbcH2 and UBC8 enzymes expressed from their cDNAs show similar enzymatic activities in vitro by catalyzing the ubiquitination of histones, suggesting that the two enzymes may fulfill similar functions in vivo. Interestingly, comparison of the enzymatic activities of a truncated UBC8 (Qin, S., Nakajima, B., Nomura, M. and Arfin, S. M. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 15549-15554) and of the full-length enzyme (this report) suggests, that the first 12 amino-terminal residues of UBC8 are required for ubiquitination of histones in vitro but not for thiolester formation with ubiquitin. This suggests that the NH2 terminus of UBC8 may be necessary either for substrate recognition or for the transfer of ubiquitin onto substrates. The UbcH2 gene is located on chromosome 7 and shows a complex expression pattern with at least five different mRNAs.