Aberrant Gating of Photic Input to the Suprachiasmatic Circadian Pacemaker of Mice Lacking the VPAC2Receptor
Aberrant Gating of Photic Input to the Suprachiasmatic Circadian Pacemaker of Mice Lacking the VPAC2Receptor
VIP acting via the VPAC2receptor is implicated as a key signaling pathway in the maintenance and resetting of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) circadian pacemaker; circadian rhythms in SCN clock gene expression and wheel-running behavior are abolished in mice lacking the VPAC2receptor (Vipr2–/–). Here, using immunohistochemical detection of pERK (phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2) and c-FOS, we tested whether the gating of photic input to the SCN is maintained in these apparently arrhythmicVipr2–/–mice. Under light/dark and constant darkness, spontaneous expression of pERK and c-FOS in the wild-type mouse SCN was significantly elevated during subjective day compared with subjective night; no diurnal or circadian variation in pERK or c-FOS was detected in the SCN ofVipr2–/–mice. In constant darkness, light pulses given during the subjective night but not the subjective day significantly increased expression of pERK and c-FOS in the wild-type SCN. In contrast, light pulses given during both subjective day and subjective night robustly increased expression of pERK and c-FOS in theVipr2–/–mouse SCN. Although photic stimuli activate intracellular pathways within the SCN ofVipr2–/–mice, they do not engage the core clock mechanisms. The absence of photic gating, together with the general lack of overt rhythms in circadian output, strongly suggests that the SCN circadian pacemaker is completely dysfunctional in theVipr2–/–mouse.
- Maynooth University Ireland
- University of Salford United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences University of Manchester United Kingdom
- University of Manchester United Kingdom
- Swansea University United Kingdom
Male, 570, Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, Photoperiod, 610, Motor Activity, Entrainment, Mice, Biological Clocks, Animals, Mice, Knockout, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3, Behavior, Animal, Suprachiasmatic nuclei, Circadian, Wheel running, Mitogen-activated protein kinase, Darkness, Circadian Rhythm, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II, Female, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, Photic Stimulation, Signal Transduction
Male, 570, Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, Photoperiod, 610, Motor Activity, Entrainment, Mice, Biological Clocks, Animals, Mice, Knockout, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3, Behavior, Animal, Suprachiasmatic nuclei, Circadian, Wheel running, Mitogen-activated protein kinase, Darkness, Circadian Rhythm, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II, Female, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, Photic Stimulation, Signal Transduction
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