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Genetic invalidation of Lp-PLA2 as a therapeutic target: Large-scale study of five functional Lp-PLA2-lowering alleles

الإبطال الوراثي لـ Lp- PLA 2 كهدف علاجي: دراسة واسعة النطاق لخمسة أليلات خفض Lp - PLA 2 وظيفية
Authors: Gregson, J.M.; Freitag, D.F.; Surendran, P.; Stitziel, N.O.; Chowdhury, R.; Burgess, S.; Kaptoge, S.; +60 Authors

Genetic invalidation of Lp-PLA2 as a therapeutic target: Large-scale study of five functional Lp-PLA2-lowering alleles

Abstract

Le darapladib, un puissant inhibiteur de la phospholipase A2 associée aux lipoprotéines (Lp-PLA2), n'a pas réduit le risque d'évolution des maladies cardiovasculaires dans des essais randomisés récents. Nous avons cherché à tester si l'activité de l'enzyme Lp-PLA2 est causalement pertinente pour les maladies coronariennes. Méthodes Chez 72 657 patients atteints de coronaropathie et 110 218 témoins dans 23 études épidémiologiques, nous avons génotypé cinq variants fonctionnels : quatre mutations rares de perte de fonction (c.109+2T > C (rs142974898), Arg82His (rs144983904), Val279Phe (rs76863441), Gln287Ter (rs140020965)) et un variant commun à impact modeste (Val379Ala (rs1051931)) dans PLA2G7, le gène codant pour Lp-PLA2. Nous avons complété le génotypage de-novo avec des informations sur 45 823 patients supplémentaires atteints de coronaropathie et 88 680 témoins dans des bases de données accessibles au public et d'autres études antérieures. Nous avons mené une revue systématique des essais randomisés pour comparer les effets du traitement par darapladib sur l'activité de la Lp-PLA2 soluble, les facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire conventionnels et le risque de maladie coronarienne avec les effets correspondants des allèles abaissant la Lp-PLA2. Résultats L'activité Lp-PLA2 a été diminuée de 64 % ( p = 2,4 × 10-25) avec le transport de l'une des quatre variantes de perte de fonction, de 45 % ( p < 10-300) pour chaque allèle hérité à Val279Phe, et de 2,7 % ( p = 1,9 × 10-12) pour chaque allèle hérité à Val379Ala. Le darapladib 160 mg une fois par jour a réduit l'activité Lp-PLA2 de 65 % ( p < 10-300). Les ratios de risque causal de maladie coronarienne par activité Lp-PLA2 inférieure de 65 % étaient : 0,95 (0,88-1,03) avec Val279Phe ; 0,92 (0,74-1,16) avec transport de toute variante de perte de fonction ; 1,01 (0,68-1,51) avec Val379Ala ; et 0,95 (0,89-1,02) avec le traitement par darapladib. Conclusions Dans une étude génétique humaine à grande échelle, aucun d'une série d'allèles abaissant la Lp-PLA2 n'était lié au risque de maladie coronarienne, ce qui suggère que la Lp-PLA2 est peu susceptible d'être un facteur de risque causal.

AIMS Darapladib, un potente inhibidor de la fosfolipasa A2 asociada a lipoproteínas (Lp-PLA2), no ha reducido el riesgo de resultados de enfermedades cardiovasculares en ensayos aleatorizados recientes. Nuestro objetivo fue probar si la actividad de la enzima Lp-PLA2 es causalmente relevante para la enfermedad coronaria. Métodos En 72.657 pacientes con enfermedad coronaria y 110.218 controles en 23 estudios epidemiológicos, genotipamos cinco variantes funcionales: cuatro mutaciones raras de pérdida de función (c.109 +2T > C (rs142974898), Arg82His (rs144983904), Val279Phe (rs76863441), Gln287Ter (rs140020965)) y una variante común de impacto modesto (Val379Ala (rs1051931)) en PLA2G7, el gen que codifica Lp-PLA2. Complementamos el genotipado de novo con información sobre otros 45,823 pacientes con enfermedad coronaria y 88,680 controles en bases de datos disponibles públicamente y otros estudios previos. Realizamos una revisión sistemática de ensayos aleatorizados para comparar los efectos del tratamiento con darapladib sobre la actividad de Lp-PLA2 soluble, los factores de riesgo cardiovascular convencionales y el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria con los efectos correspondientes de los alelos reductores de Lp-PLA2. Resultados La actividad de Lp-PLA2 disminuyó en un 64% ( p = 2,4 × 10-25) con el transporte de cualquiera de las cuatro variantes de pérdida de función, en un 45% ( p < 10-300) para cada alelo heredado en Val279Phe y en un 2,7% ( p = 1,9 × 10-12) para cada alelo heredado en Val379Ala. Darapladib 160 mg una vez al día redujo la actividad de Lp-PLA2 en un 65% ( p < 10-300). Las razones de riesgo causales de enfermedad coronaria por actividad de Lp-PLA2 un 65% menor fueron: 0,95 (0,88-1,03) con Val279Phe; 0,92 (0,74-1,16) con portador de cualquier variante de pérdida de función; 1,01 (0,68-1,51) con Val379Ala; y 0,95 (0,89-1,02) con tratamiento con darapladib. Conclusiones En un estudio genético humano a gran escala, ninguno de una serie de alelos que disminuyen la Lp-PLA2 se relacionó con el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria, lo que sugiere que es poco probable que la Lp-PLA2 sea un factor de riesgo causal.

Aims Darapladib, a potent inhibitor of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), has not reduced risk of cardiovascular disease outcomes in recent randomized trials. We aimed to test whether Lp-PLA2 enzyme activity is causally relevant to coronary heart disease. Methods In 72,657 patients with coronary heart disease and 110,218 controls in 23 epidemiological studies, we genotyped five functional variants: four rare loss-of-function mutations (c.109+2T > C (rs142974898), Arg82His (rs144983904), Val279Phe (rs76863441), Gln287Ter (rs140020965)) and one common modest-impact variant (Val379Ala (rs1051931)) in PLA2G7, the gene encoding Lp-PLA2. We supplemented de-novo genotyping with information on a further 45,823 coronary heart disease patients and 88,680 controls in publicly available databases and other previous studies. We conducted a systematic review of randomized trials to compare effects of darapladib treatment on soluble Lp-PLA2 activity, conventional cardiovascular risk factors, and coronary heart disease risk with corresponding effects of Lp-PLA2-lowering alleles. Results Lp-PLA2 activity was decreased by 64% ( p = 2.4 × 10-25) with carriage of any of the four loss-of-function variants, by 45% ( p < 10-300) for every allele inherited at Val279Phe, and by 2.7% ( p = 1.9 × 10-12) for every allele inherited at Val379Ala. Darapladib 160 mg once-daily reduced Lp-PLA2 activity by 65% ( p < 10-300). Causal risk ratios for coronary heart disease per 65% lower Lp-PLA2 activity were: 0.95 (0.88-1.03) with Val279Phe; 0.92 (0.74-1.16) with carriage of any loss-of-function variant; 1.01 (0.68-1.51) with Val379Ala; and 0.95 (0.89-1.02) with darapladib treatment. Conclusions In a large-scale human genetic study, none of a series of Lp-PLA2-lowering alleles was related to coronary heart disease risk, suggesting that Lp-PLA2 is unlikely to be a causal risk factor.

لم يقلل إيمز دارابلاديب، وهو مثبط قوي للفوسفوليباز المرتبط بالبروتين الدهني A2 (Lp - PLA2)، من خطر الإصابة بنتائج أمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية في التجارب العشوائية الأخيرة. كنا نهدف إلى اختبار ما إذا كان نشاط إنزيم Lp - PLA2 مرتبطًا سببيًا بأمراض القلب التاجية. الطرق في 72،657 مريضًا يعانون من أمراض القلب التاجية و 110،218 عنصر تحكم في 23 دراسة وبائية، قمنا بتنميط خمسة متغيرات وظيفية: أربعة طفرات نادرة لفقدان الوظيفة (c.109 + 2T > C (rs142974898)، Arg82His (rs144983904)، Val279Phe (rs76863441)، Gln287Ter (rs140020965)) ومتغير واحد شائع ذو تأثير متواضع (Val379Ala (rs1051931)) في PLA2G7، ترميز الجين Lp - PLA2. استكملنا التنميط الجيني لإزالة المستجدات بمعلومات عن 45823 مريضًا إضافيًا بأمراض القلب التاجية و 88680 عنصر تحكم في قواعد البيانات المتاحة للجمهور والدراسات السابقة الأخرى. أجرينا مراجعة منهجية للتجارب العشوائية لمقارنة آثار علاج دارابلاديب على نشاط Lp - PLA2 القابل للذوبان، وعوامل الخطر القلبية الوعائية التقليدية، وخطر الإصابة بأمراض القلب التاجية مع الآثار المقابلة للأليلات الخافضة لـ Lp - PLA2. النتائج انخفض نشاط Lp - PLA2 بنسبة 64 ٪ ( p = 2.4 × 10-25) مع نقل أي من المتغيرات الأربعة لفقدان الوظيفة، بنسبة 45 ٪ ( p < 10-300) لكل أليل موروث في Val279Phe، وبنسبة 2.7 ٪ ( p = 1.9 × 10-12) لكل أليل موروث في Val379Ala. دارابلاديب 160 ملغ مرة واحدة يوميا انخفاض نشاط Lp - PLA2 بنسبة 65 ٪ ( p < 10-300). كانت نسب المخاطر السببية لأمراض القلب التاجية لكل نشاط Lp - PLA2 أقل بنسبة 65 ٪: 0.95 (0.88-1.03) مع Val279Phe ؛ 0.92 (0.74-1.16) مع نقل أي متغير لفقدان الوظيفة ؛ 1.01 (0.68-1.51) مع Val379Ala ؛ و 0.95 (0.89-1.02) مع علاج دارابلاديب. الاستنتاجات في دراسة جينية بشرية واسعة النطاق، لم يكن أي من سلسلة الأليلات الخافضة لـ Lp - PLA2 مرتبطًا بخطر الإصابة بأمراض القلب التاجية، مما يشير إلى أنه من غير المرجح أن يكون Lp - PLA2 عامل خطر سببي.

Keywords

Male, Cancer Research, Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors/therapeutic use, Coronary Disease, Gene, CHARGE inflammation working group, Cholesterol-lowering, Human genetics, Reference Values, Oximes, Coronary Heart Disease, Disease, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Lipoprotein, Internal medicine, Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Cancer and Physiology, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Allele, 1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase/drug effects/genetics, Gastroenterology, Life Sciences, Single Nucleotide, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Cholesterol, Randomized controlled trial, International Consortium for Blood Pressure, MICAD Exome consortium, Benzaldehydes, /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_being, Medicine, Female, Adult, Genotyping, Genotype, Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors, EMC OR-01, Cardiology, 610, human genetics, Human genetics; coronary heart disease; darapladib; lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2; target validation, Risk Assessment, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 616, Health Sciences, Genetics, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2), Humans, Polymorphism, coronary heart disease, Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, Molecular Biology, Biology, Alleles, Aged, EPIC-CVD consortium and the CHD Exome+ consortium, Reproducibility of Results, Oximes/therapeutic use, R1, name=SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Benzaldehydes/therapeutic use, Cholesterol-lowering Treatment, Gene Expression Regulation, target validation, CKDGen consortium, Case-Control Studies, FOS: Biological sciences, Coronary Disease/diagnosis/drug therapy/genetics, 1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase, darapladib, Molecular Mechanisms of Ras Signaling Pathways, 1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase/drug effects; 1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase/genetics; Adult; Aged; Alleles; Benzaldehydes/therapeutic use; Case-Control Studies; Coronary Disease/diagnosis; Coronary Disease/drug therapy; Coronary Disease/genetics; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Genotype; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Oximes/therapeutic use; Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors/therapeutic use; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Reference Values; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Assessment; Treatment Outcome; Human genetics; coronary heart disease; darapladib; lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2; target validation, Surgery

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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