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Bone
Article
License: Elsevier Non-Commercial
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Bone
Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
License: Elsevier TDM
Data sources: Crossref
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Sost, independent of the non-coding enhancer ECR5, is required for bone mechanoadaptation

Authors: Robling, Alexander G.; Kang, Kyung Shin; Bullock, Whitney A.; Foster, William H.; Murugesh, Deepa; Loots, Gabriela G.; Genetos, Damian C.;

Sost, independent of the non-coding enhancer ECR5, is required for bone mechanoadaptation

Abstract

Sclerostin (Sost) is a negative regulator of bone formation that acts upon the Wnt signaling pathway. Sost is mechanically regulated at both mRNA and protein level such that loading represses and unloading enhances Sost expression, in osteocytes and in circulation. The non-coding evolutionarily conserved enhancer ECR5 has been previously reported as a transcriptional regulatory element required for modulating Sost expression in osteocytes. Here we explored the mechanisms by which ECR5, or several other putative transcriptional enhancers regulate Sost expression, in response to mechanical stimulation. We found that in vivo ulna loading is equally osteoanabolic in wildtype and Sost-/- mice, although Sost is required for proper distribution of load-induced bone formation to regions of high strain. Using Luciferase reporters carrying the ECR5 non-coding enhancer and heterologous or homologous hSOST promoters, we found that ECR5 is mechanosensitive in vitro and that ECR5-driven Luciferase activity decreases in osteoblasts exposed to oscillatory fluid flow. Yet, ECR5-/- mice showed similar magnitude of load-induced bone formation and similar periosteal distribution of bone formation to high-strain regions compared to wildtype mice. Further, we found that in contrast to Sost-/- mice, which are resistant to disuse-induced bone loss, ECR5-/- mice lose bone upon unloading to a degree similar to wildtype control mice. ECR5 deletion did not abrogate positive effects of unloading on Sost, suggesting that additional transcriptional regulators and regulatory elements contribute to load-induced regulation of Sost.

Keywords

RNA, Untranslated, Mechanotransduction, Clinical sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Transgenic, Mice, Engineering, Osteogenesis, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Mice, Knockout, Adaptor Proteins, Untranslated, Biological Sciences, Adaptation, Physiological, Biomechanical Phenomena, Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, ECR5, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Stem Cell Research - Nonembryonic - Non-Human, Female, Enhancer Elements, Sclerostin, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Physiological, Knockout, Clinical Sciences, Mice, Transgenic, Osteocytes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Genetic, Underpinning research, Genetics, Animals, Adaptation, Skeleton, Sost, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Glycoproteins, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Signal Transducing, Stem Cell Research, Musculoskeletal, Osteoporosis, RNA, Disuse, Enhancer

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    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
19
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green
hybrid