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AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
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Conserved Determinants of Enhanced CCR5 Binding in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Subtype D Envelope Third Variable Loop

Authors: Samaporn, Teeravechyan; M, Essex; Tun-Hou, Lee;

Conserved Determinants of Enhanced CCR5 Binding in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Subtype D Envelope Third Variable Loop

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus 1 subtype D (HIV-1D) contributes to a significant portion of the HIV-1 disease burden in eastern and central Africa, and is associated with more rapid disease progression. Its viral envelope sequences, particularly in the third variable region (V3), are highly divergent from other major subtypes yet have rarely been studied to date. We evaluated the V3 and select bridging sheet residues of the HIV-1D 94UG114 envelope by alanine-scanning mutagenesis to determine the residues involved in CCR5 usage conservation in the face of sequence variability. We found most single alanine mutations capable of abolishing CCR5 binding, suggesting binding contacts that are highly sensitive to mutation. Despite drastic binding defects across the board, most mutants mediated fusion at or near wild-type levels, demonstrating an ability to accommodate changes in CCR5 affinity while maintaining the ability to complete entry. Three of the alanine mutations did not abolish CCR5 binding but rather resulted in enhanced CCR5 binding. The positions of these residues were found to be conserved between strains of two subtypes, revealing similar V3 elements that suggest a conservation of constraints in V3 loop conformation.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Gene Expression Regulation, Viral, Receptors, CCR5, Molecular Sequence Data, Genetic Variation, Virus Attachment, HIV Infections, HIV Envelope Protein gp120, Virus Internalization, Peptide Fragments, Cell Line, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Disease Progression, HIV-1, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, Conserved Sequence

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
bronze