Anchoring Cords: A Distinct Suprastructure in the Developing Skin
pmid: 35613627
Anchoring Cords: A Distinct Suprastructure in the Developing Skin
AMACO (VWA2 protein) is a basement membrane-associated protein secreted by epithelial cells. It is strongly expressed when invagination or budding occurs during development. AMACO associates with the Fraser complex, which when mutated causes Fraser syndrome, characterized by subepidermal blistering, cryptophthalmos, and syndactyly. The core Fraser complex proteins FRAS1, FREM1, and FREM2 localize at the dermal‒epidermal junction and mediate adhesion to the underlying dermis during embryonic development. Earlier transmission electron microscopy studies of adult mouse skin showed clustered AMACO deposition below the lamina densa. In this study, we report a distinct cord-like suprastructure in the neonate dermis to which AMACO- and Fraser complex‒associated proteins contribute. We propose anchoring cords to designate the suprastructure. Anchoring cords have a diameter of 60 nm when immunolabeled, originate from the basement membrane, and extend several microns into the dermis. In normal skin, they are evident after immunogold electron microscopy and are strikingly appreciated in thicker sections. In recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa skin, they are directly visible where collagen VII anchoring fibrils are ablated. Immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation of skin extracts identify a direct interaction of FREM2 and AMACO.
- Imaging Center United States
- University of Cologne Germany
- University Hospital Cologne Germany
- Shriners Hospitals for Children United States
Mice, Extracellular Matrix Proteins, Pregnancy, Animals, Membrane Proteins, Female, Collagen, Basement Membrane, Skin, Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica
Mice, Extracellular Matrix Proteins, Pregnancy, Animals, Membrane Proteins, Female, Collagen, Basement Membrane, Skin, Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica
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