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KRIT1 loss of function causes a ROS-dependent upregulation of c-Jun

Authors: GOITRE, Luca; DE LUCA, Elisa; S. Braggion; TRAPANI, ELIANA; GUGLIELMOTTO, Michela; BIASI, Fiorella; M. Forni; +3 Authors

KRIT1 loss of function causes a ROS-dependent upregulation of c-Jun

Abstract

Loss-of-function mutations in the KRIT1 gene (CCM1) have been associated with the pathogenesis of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM), a major cerebrovascular disease. However, KRIT1 functions and CCM pathogenetic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Indeed, recent experiments in animal models have clearly demonstrated that the homozygous loss of KRIT1 is not sufficient to induce CCM lesions, suggesting that additional factors are necessary to cause CCM disease. Previously, we found that KRIT1 is involved in the maintenance of the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis to prevent ROS-induced cellular dysfunctions, including a reduced ability to maintain a quiescent state. Here, we show that KRIT1 loss of function leads to enhanced expression and phosphorylation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor c-Jun, as well as induction of its downstream target COX-2, in both cellular models and human CCM tissues. Furthermore, we demonstrate that c-Jun upregulation can be reversed by either KRIT1 re-expression or ROS scavenging, whereas KRIT1 overexpression prevents forced upregulation of c-Jun induced by oxidative stimuli. Taken together with the reported role of c-Jun in vascular dysfunctions triggered by oxidative stress, our findings shed new light on the molecular mechanisms underlying KRIT1 function and CCM pathogenesis.

Keywords

Central Nervous System, Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System, KRIT1, Original Contributions, Free radical, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Animals, Humans, KRIT1 Protein, Cerebral cavernous malformation, Proto-Oncogene Protein, JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, Animal, KRIT1; Cerebral Cavernous Malformations (CCM); CCM1; c-JUN; Reactive Oxygen Species; Cellular Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms; COX-2; Redox signaling; Molecular Mechanisms of CCM Pathogenesis, c-Jun, Microtubule-Associated Protein, JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Oxidative Stre, COX-2, COX-2; Cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms; Cerebral cavernous malformations; Free radicals; KRIT1; Reactive oxygen species; c-Jun; Animals; Gene Expression Regulation; Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System; Humans; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Mutation; Oxidative Stress; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Gene Expression Regulation, Cellular antioxidant defense mechanism, Mutation, Reactive oxygen specie, Cavernous, Hemangioma, Reactive Oxygen Species, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, Human

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    influence
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    Top 10%
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
72
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
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