Regulation of Rhodopsin Phosphorylation by a Family of Neuronal Calcium Sensors
Copyright policy )Regulation of Rhodopsin Phosphorylation by a Family of Neuronal Calcium Sensors
Recoverin is a calcium sensor that regulates rhodopsin phosphorylation in a calcium-dependent manner. Cloning experiments indicate the presence of a numerous gene family, called the NCS family, encoding recoverin-like proteins expressed predominantly in neurons. Here, we report the cloning of three novel NCS genes, and demonstrate that at least six distinct members of the NCS family (including recoverin, S-modulin, vilip 1, NCS-1, Ce-NCS-1, and Ce-NCS-2) specifically inhibit rhodopsin phosphorylation. The presence of species homologues within the NCS family suggests that this function might be shared by at least 12 (out of 18) NCS proteins. Recent studies indicate that recoverin inhibits rhodopsin phosphorylation by directly regulating rhodopsin kinase, a G protein coupled receptor kinase (GRK). Since several NCS proteins are found in neurons throughout the entire nervous system, they may regulate other members of the GRK family. Together, our data suggest a general role for NCS proteins in the regulation of calcium-dependent phosphorylation in the nervous system.
- University of Geneva Switzerland
Calcium/ metabolism, G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 1, Lipoproteins, Neuronal Calcium-Sensor Proteins, Molecular Sequence Data, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neurons/ metabolism, GTP-Binding Proteins, 616, Consensus Sequence, Hippocalcin, Recoverin, Animals, Homeostasis, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, Phosphorylation, Cloning, Molecular, Caenorhabditis elegans, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins, Eye Proteins, Protein Kinases/ metabolism, Phylogeny, Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolism, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Calcium-Binding Proteins, Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis/metabolism, Brain, Neuropeptides/ metabolism, Rats, Multigene Family, Rhodopsin/biosynthesis/ genetics/ metabolism, Brain/ metabolism, Calcium, Cattle, GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism, Calcium-Binding Proteins/ metabolism, Chickens, ddc: ddc:616
Calcium/ metabolism, G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 1, Lipoproteins, Neuronal Calcium-Sensor Proteins, Molecular Sequence Data, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neurons/ metabolism, GTP-Binding Proteins, 616, Consensus Sequence, Hippocalcin, Recoverin, Animals, Homeostasis, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, Phosphorylation, Cloning, Molecular, Caenorhabditis elegans, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins, Eye Proteins, Protein Kinases/ metabolism, Phylogeny, Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolism, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Calcium-Binding Proteins, Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis/metabolism, Brain, Neuropeptides/ metabolism, Rats, Multigene Family, Rhodopsin/biosynthesis/ genetics/ metabolism, Brain/ metabolism, Calcium, Cattle, GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism, Calcium-Binding Proteins/ metabolism, Chickens, ddc: ddc:616
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