AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate whether nucleophosmin type A mutation (NPM1A) in plasma was associated with the prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).MethodsPlasmaNPM1Alevels were investigated in 80 AML patients, 22 patients with benign hematopathy and 12 healthy donors by qRT-PCR. Additionally, the relationship betweenNPM1Alevels and clinic characteristics were evaluated by Chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS), and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsPlasma levels ofNPM1Ain AML patients were significantly higher than those in benign hematopathy patients and healthy controls, respectively (both P<0.001). Additionally, highNPM1Alevel was significantly associated with higher WBC and platelet count (both, P<0.05). Moreover, survival analysis revealed that patients with highNPM1Alevels had worse OS (P<0.001) and RFS (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis identifiedNPM1Aas an independent prognostic predictor for AML (OS: HR=8.214, 95% CI: 2.974-22.688, P<0.001; RFS: HR=4.640, 95%CI: 1.825-11.795, P=0.001).ConclusionsResults reveal thatNPM1Ain plasma could serve as an ideal tool for predicting the prognosis of patients with AML.