Quantal noise from human red cone pigment
Copyright policy )Quantal noise from human red cone pigment
The rod pigment, rhodopsin, shows spontaneous isomerization activity. This quantal noise produces a dark light of approximately 0.01 photons s(-1) rod(-1) in human, setting the threshold for rod vision. The spontaneous isomerization activity of human cone pigments has long remained a mystery because the effect of a single isomerized pigment molecule in cones, unlike that in rods, is small and beyond measurement. We have now overcome this problem by expressing human red cone pigment transgenically in mouse rods in order to exploit their large single-photon response, especially after genetic removal of a key negative-feedback regulation. Extrapolating the measured quantal noise of transgenic cone pigment to native human red cones, we obtained a dark rate of approximately 10 false events s(-1) cone(-1), almost 10(3)-fold lower than the overall dark transduction noise previously reported in primate cones. Our measurements provide a rationale for why mammalian red, green and blue cones have comparable sensitivities, unlike their amphibian counterparts.
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine United States
- Johns Hopkins University United States
- Johns Hopkins Medicine United States
- Washington University in St. Louis United States
Feedback, Physiological, Mice, Knockout, Photons, Gene Transfer Techniques, Rod Opsins, Dark Adaptation, Mice, Transgenic, Mice, Isomerism, Species Specificity, Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells, Animals, Humans, Artifacts, Color Perception, Photic Stimulation, Vision, Ocular
Feedback, Physiological, Mice, Knockout, Photons, Gene Transfer Techniques, Rod Opsins, Dark Adaptation, Mice, Transgenic, Mice, Isomerism, Species Specificity, Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells, Animals, Humans, Artifacts, Color Perception, Photic Stimulation, Vision, Ocular
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