Pseudophosphatase MK-STYX Alters Histone Deacetylase 6 Cytoplasmic Localization, Decreases Its Phosphorylation, and Increases Detyrosination of Tubulin
Pseudophosphatase MK-STYX Alters Histone Deacetylase 6 Cytoplasmic Localization, Decreases Its Phosphorylation, and Increases Detyrosination of Tubulin
The catalytically inactive mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphatase, MK-STYX (MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) phosphoserine/threonine/tyrosine-binding protein) interacts with the stress granule nucleator G3BP-1 (Ras-GAP (GTPase-activating protein) SH3 (Src homology 3) domain-binding protein-1), and decreases stress granule (stalled mRNA) formation. Histone deacetylase isoform 6 (HDAC6) also binds G3BP-1 and serves as a major component of stress granules. The discovery that MK-STYX and HDAC6 both interact with G3BP-1 led us to investigate the effects of MK-STYX on HDAC6 dynamics. In control HEK/293 cells, HDAC6 was cytosolic, as expected, and formed aggregates under conditions of stress. In contrast, in cells overexpressing MK-STYX, HDAC6 was both nuclear and cytosolic and the number of stress-induced aggregates significantly decreased. Immunoblots showed that MK-STYX decreases HDAC6 serine phosphorylation, protein tyrosine phosphorylation, and lysine acetylation. HDAC6 is known to regulate microtubule dynamics to form aggregates. MK-STYX did not affect the organization of microtubules, but did affect their post-translational modification. Tubulin acetylation was increased in the presence of MK-STYX. In addition, the detyrosination of tubulin was significantly increased in the presence of MK-STYX. These findings show that MK-STYX decreases the number of HDAC6-containing aggregates and alters their localization, sustains microtubule acetylation, and increases detyrosination of microtubules, implicating MK-STYX as a signaling molecule in HDAC6 activity.
- University of Maryland United States
- University of Maryland, College Park United States
- University of Maryland, College Park United States
- Department of Biology United States
- William & Mary United States
Cell Nucleus, pseudophosphatase, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Histone Deacetylase 6, Article, Cell Line, microtubules, Protein Aggregates, Protein Transport, MK-STYX (MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) phosphoserine/threonine/tyrosine-binding protein), Cytosol, post-translational modification, Tubulin, HDAC6 (histone deacetylase isoform 6), Humans, Tyrosine, Phosphorylation, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Biomarkers, Protein Binding
Cell Nucleus, pseudophosphatase, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Histone Deacetylase 6, Article, Cell Line, microtubules, Protein Aggregates, Protein Transport, MK-STYX (MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) phosphoserine/threonine/tyrosine-binding protein), Cytosol, post-translational modification, Tubulin, HDAC6 (histone deacetylase isoform 6), Humans, Tyrosine, Phosphorylation, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Biomarkers, Protein Binding
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