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Further Evidence Supporting a Role for Gs Signal Transduction in Severe Malaria Pathogenesis

المزيد من الأدلة التي تدعم دور نقل إشارة GS في التسبب في الملاريا الحادة
Authors: Sarah Auburn; Andrew E. Fry; Taane G. Clark; Susana Campino; Mahamadou Diakité; Angela Green; Anna Richardson; +8 Authors

Further Evidence Supporting a Role for Gs Signal Transduction in Severe Malaria Pathogenesis

Abstract

Avec la démonstration fonctionnelle d'un rôle dans l'invasion des érythrocytes par les parasites de Plasmodium falciparum, les implications dans l'étiologie des conditions communes qui prévalent chez les individus d'origine africaine et une mine de connaissances pharmacologiques, la voie de transduction du signal de la protéine G stimulante (Gs) présente une cible excitante pour l'intervention antipaludique. Ayant précédemment démontré un rôle pour le gène G-alpha-s, GNAS, dans la maladie grave du paludisme, nous avons cherché à identifier d'autres composants importants de la voie Gs. À l'aide d'une méta-analyse des études cas-témoins et trio familial (enfants affectés et contrôles parentaux) du paludisme grave en Gambie et au Malawi, nous avons recherché des preuves d'association dans six gènes candidats de la voie G : récepteur de l'adénosine 2A (ADORA2A) et 2B (ADORA2B), récepteur bêta-adrénergique kinase 1 (ADRBK1), adénylyl cyclase 9 (ADCY9), sous-unité 3 de la protéine G bêta (GNB3) et régulateur de la signalisation de la protéine G 2 (RGS2). Notre étude a rassemblé un total de 2278 cas et 2364 contrôles. Des modèles d'association basés sur les allèles ont été étudiés dans tous les gènes, et des modèles basés sur le génotype et l'haplotype ont été étudiés lorsque des associations alléliques significatives ont été identifiées. Bien qu'aucune association significative n'ait été observée dans les autres gènes, plusieurs ont été identifiés dans ADORA2A. L'association la plus significative a été observée au locus rs9624472, où l'allèle G (fréquence d'environ 20%) semblait conférer un risque accru de paludisme sévère [OR = 1,22 (1,09-1,37) ; P = 0,001]. Une étude plus approfondie de la région du gène ADORA2A est nécessaire pour valider les associations identifiées ici, et pour identifier et caractériser fonctionnellement le (s) variant(s) causal (aux) responsable (s). Nos résultats fournissent d'autres preuves soutenant un rôle de la voie de transduction du signal Gs dans la régulation du paludisme grave, et demandent une exploration plus approfondie de cette voie dans de futures études.

Con la demostración funcional de un papel en la invasión de eritrocitos por parásitos de Plasmodium falciparum, las implicaciones en la etiología de las afecciones comunes que prevalecen en individuos de origen africano y una gran cantidad de conocimientos farmacológicos, la vía de transducción de señales de la proteína G estimuladora (Gs) presenta un objetivo emocionante para la intervención farmacológica contra la malaria. Habiendo demostrado previamente un papel para el gen G-alfa-s, GNAS, en la enfermedad grave de la malaria, buscamos identificar otros componentes importantes de la vía Gs. Mediante el metanálisis de estudios de casos y controles y trío familiar (niños afectados y controles parentales) de malaria grave de Gambia y Malawi, buscamos evidencia de asociación en seis genes candidatos de la vía Gs: receptor de adenosina 2A (ADORA2A) y 2B (ADORA2B), receptor beta-adrenérgico quinasa 1 (ADRBK1), adenilil ciclasa 9 (ADCY9), subunidad beta de la proteína G 3 (GNB3) y regulador de la señalización de la proteína G 2 (RGS2). Nuestro estudio acumuló un total de 2278 casos y 2364 controles. Se investigaron modelos de asociación basados en alelos en todos los genes, y se investigaron modelos basados en genotipos y haplotipos donde se identificaron asociaciones alélicas significativas. Aunque no se observaron asociaciones significativas en los otros genes, se identificaron varios en ADORA2A. La asociación más significativa se observó en el locus rs9624472, donde el alelo G (aproximadamente el 20% de frecuencia) parecía conferir un mayor riesgo de malaria grave [OR = 1,22 (1,09-1,37); P = 0,001]. Se requiere una mayor investigación de la región del gen ADORA2A para validar las asociaciones identificadas aquí e identificar y caracterizar funcionalmente la (s) variante(s) causal (es) responsable (s). Nuestros resultados proporcionan evidencia adicional que respalda el papel de la vía de transducción de señales Gs en la regulación de la malaria grave, y solicitan una mayor exploración de esta vía en estudios futuros.

With the functional demonstration of a role in erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium falciparum parasites, implications in the aetiology of common conditions that prevail in individuals of African origin, and a wealth of pharmacological knowledge, the stimulatory G protein (Gs) signal transduction pathway presents an exciting target for anti-malarial drug intervention. Having previously demonstrated a role for the G-alpha-s gene, GNAS, in severe malaria disease, we sought to identify other important components of the Gs pathway. Using meta-analysis across case-control and family trio (affected child and parental controls) studies of severe malaria from The Gambia and Malawi, we sought evidence of association in six Gs pathway candidate genes: adenosine receptor 2A (ADORA2A) and 2B (ADORA2B), beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 (ADRBK1), adenylyl cyclase 9 (ADCY9), G protein beta subunit 3 (GNB3), and regulator of G protein signalling 2 (RGS2). Our study amassed a total of 2278 cases and 2364 controls. Allele-based models of association were investigated in all genes, and genotype and haplotype-based models were investigated where significant allelic associations were identified. Although no significant associations were observed in the other genes, several were identified in ADORA2A. The most significant association was observed at the rs9624472 locus, where the G allele (approximately 20% frequency) appeared to confer enhanced risk to severe malaria [OR = 1.22 (1.09-1.37); P = 0.001]. Further investigation of the ADORA2A gene region is required to validate the associations identified here, and to identify and functionally characterize the responsible causal variant(s). Our results provide further evidence supporting a role of the Gs signal transduction pathway in the regulation of severe malaria, and request further exploration of this pathway in future studies.

مع العرض الوظيفي لدور في غزو كريات الدم الحمراء من قبل طفيليات المتصورة المنجلية، والآثار المترتبة على مسببات الحالات الشائعة التي تسود في الأفراد من أصل أفريقي، وثروة من المعرفة الدوائية، يمثل مسار نقل إشارة البروتين G المنبه (Gs) هدفًا مثيرًا للتدخل بالعقاقير المضادة للملاريا. بعد أن أظهرنا سابقًا دورًا لجين G - alpha - s، GNAS، في مرض الملاريا الحاد، سعينا إلى تحديد المكونات المهمة الأخرى لمسار Gs. باستخدام التحليل التلوي عبر دراسات مراقبة الحالة والثلاثي العائلي (ضوابط الطفل والوالدين المتأثرين) للملاريا الحادة من غامبيا وملاوي، سعينا للحصول على دليل على الارتباط في ستة جينات مرشحة لمسار Gs: مستقبلات الأدينوزين 2A (ADORA2A) و 2B (ADORA2B)، مستقبلات بيتا الأدرينالية كيناز 1 (ADRBK1)، أدينيليل سيكلاز 9 (ADCY9)، وحدة البروتين بيتا الفرعية 3 (GNB3)، ومنظم إشارات البروتين G 2 (RGS2). جمعت دراستنا ما مجموعه 2278 حالة و 2364 عنصر تحكم. تم التحقيق في نماذج الارتباط القائمة على الأليل في جميع الجينات، وتم التحقيق في النماذج القائمة على النمط الجيني والنمط الفرداني حيث تم تحديد ارتباطات أليلية كبيرة. على الرغم من عدم ملاحظة ارتباطات كبيرة في الجينات الأخرى، فقد تم تحديد العديد منها في ADORA2A. لوحظ الارتباط الأكثر أهمية في موضع rs9624472، حيث يبدو أن الأليل G (حوالي 20 ٪ تردد) يمنح خطرًا متزايدًا للإصابة بالملاريا الحادة [OR = 1.22 (1.09-1.37 )؛ P = 0.001]. يلزم إجراء مزيد من التحقيق في منطقة جين ADORA2A للتحقق من صحة الارتباطات المحددة هنا، وتحديد المتغير(المتغيرات) السببية المسؤولة وتوصيفها وظيفيًا. تقدم نتائجنا مزيدًا من الأدلة التي تدعم دور مسار نقل إشارة Gs في تنظيم الملاريا الحادة، وتطلب المزيد من الاستكشاف لهذا المسار في الدراسات المستقبلية.

Keywords

Malawi, G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2, Science, Malaria Parasite, Immunology, Signal transduction, Gene, Structure and Function of G Protein-Coupled Receptors, Role of Complement System in Immune Response, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences, GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs, Genetics, Haplotype, Adenylyl cyclase, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Child, Molecular Biology, Biology, Family Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Allele, Gs alpha subunit, FOS: Clinical medicine, Q, R, Receptors, Purinergic P1, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Life Sciences, Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins, Malaria, Case-Control Studies, Child, Preschool, FOS: Biological sciences, Locus (genetics), Medicine, Gambia, RGS Proteins, Research Article, Adenylyl Cyclases, Signal Transduction

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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