Downloads provided by UsageCountsGrowth in stratospheric chlorine from short‐lived chemicals not controlled by the Montreal Protocol
Growth in stratospheric chlorine from short‐lived chemicals not controlled by the Montreal Protocol
AbstractWe have developed a chemical mechanism describing the tropospheric degradation of chlorine containing very short‐lived substances (VSLS). The scheme was included in a global atmospheric model and used to quantify the stratospheric injection of chlorine from anthropogenic VSLS ( ) between 2005 and 2013. By constraining the model with surface measurements of chloroform (CHCl3), dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), tetrachloroethene (C2Cl4), trichloroethene (C2HCl3), and 1,2‐dichloroethane (CH2ClCH2Cl), we infer a 2013 mixing ratio of 123 parts per trillion (ppt). Stratospheric injection of source gases dominates this supply, accounting for ∼83% of the total. The remainder comes from VSLS‐derived organic products, phosgene (COCl2, 7%) and formyl chloride (CHClO, 2%), and also hydrogen chloride (HCl, 8%). Stratospheric increased by ∼52% between 2005 and 2013, with a mean growth rate of 3.7 ppt Cl/yr. This increase is due to recent and ongoing growth in anthropogenic CH2Cl2—the most abundant chlorinated VSLS not controlled by the Montreal Protocol.
- Spanish National Research Council Spain
- Miami University United States
- University of California, San Diego United States
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Australia
- Old Dominion University United States
550, IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS, 150, TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE LAYER, 551, OZONE LOSS, Physical Chemistry, TROPOSPHERE, Atmospheric Sciences, phosgene, Ozone, CHEMISTRY, Montreal Protocol, Phosgene, Science & Technology, Multidisciplinary, Stratosphere, BROMOCARBONS, CLIMATE MODEL, Geology, HCL, 540, TRANSPORT, dichloromethane, Research Letters, 301, BROMINE, ozone, Geochemistry, Dichloromethane, Physical Sciences, stratosphere, VSLS, Geophysics and Seismology, Geosciences
550, IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS, 150, TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE LAYER, 551, OZONE LOSS, Physical Chemistry, TROPOSPHERE, Atmospheric Sciences, phosgene, Ozone, CHEMISTRY, Montreal Protocol, Phosgene, Science & Technology, Multidisciplinary, Stratosphere, BROMOCARBONS, CLIMATE MODEL, Geology, HCL, 540, TRANSPORT, dichloromethane, Research Letters, 301, BROMINE, ozone, Geochemistry, Dichloromethane, Physical Sciences, stratosphere, VSLS, Geophysics and Seismology, Geosciences
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