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Genetic Association and Gene-Gene Interaction Reveal Genetic Variations in ADH1B, GSTM1 and MnSOD Independently Confer Risk to Alcoholic Liver Diseases in India

الارتباط الجيني والتفاعل الجيني الجيني يكشفان عن الاختلافات الجينية في ADH1B و GSTM1 و MnSOD التي تنقل بشكل مستقل خطر الإصابة بأمراض الكبد الكحولية في الهند
Authors: Neelanjana Roy; Debanjali Dasgupta; Indranil Mukhopadhyay; A. Chatterjee; Das K; Pradip K. Bhowmik; Soumyajit Das; +6 Authors

Genetic Association and Gene-Gene Interaction Reveal Genetic Variations in ADH1B, GSTM1 and MnSOD Independently Confer Risk to Alcoholic Liver Diseases in India

Abstract

La sensibilité génétique est un modificateur important des résultats cliniques et de l'histoire naturelle de la progression de la maladie hépatique alcoolique (ALD). Bien que l'importance de l'ethnicité dans cette évolution soit très claire, des variantes génétiques interindividuelles subtiles pourraient être importantes et nous avons donc étudié celles d'une population indienne. Quatorze marqueurs ont été génotypés dans deux gènes du métabolisme de l'alcool [groupes de gènes de l'alcool déshydrogénase (ADH) (ADH1B et ADH1C) et de l'aldéhyde déshydrogénase (ALDH2)], un cytochrome p450 (CYP2E1) de l'enzyme microsomale oxydant l'éthanol et trois gènes de la réponse au stress oxydatif (OSR) (MnSOD, GSTT1 et GSTM1) chez 490 individus bengalis (322 ALD et 168 témoins) de l'est et du nord-est de l'Inde et la validation a été effectuée dans une nouvelle cohorte de 150 patients bengalis, dont 100 ALD et 50 stéatohépatite non alcoolique avancée (NASH). Sur 14 variants génétiques, le portage de 5 génotypes (rs2066701CC dans ADH1B, rs1693425TT dans ADH1C, rs4880TT dans MnSOD et GSTT1/GSTM1 nul, valeur de p <0,05) a été noté significativement plus élevé chez les patients ALD tandis que l'analyse d'interaction gène-gène inter ou intra-groupe a révélé que l'ajout d'un génotype à risque de tout gène OSR augmentait la possibilité d'ALD de manière synergique. L'analyse de régression logistique multiple a montré une association indépendante entre les génotypes nuls rs2066701CC, rs4880TT et GSTM1 et l'ALD, tandis que les fréquences plus faibles de ces génotypes chez les patients atteints de NASH avancée ont confirmé leur lien de causalité avec l'ALD. Ainsi, ces résultats suggèrent que les trois variantes de ADH1C, MnSOD et GSTM1 peuvent être utilisées pour identifier les personnes à haut risque de développer une ALD et peuvent être utiles dans la bonne gestion des alcooliques indiens.

La susceptibilidad genética es un modificador importante del resultado clínico y la historia natural de la progresión en la enfermedad hepática alcohólica (ALD). Si bien la importancia de la etnicidad en esta evolución es muy clara, las variantes genéticas interindividuales sutiles podrían ser importantes y, por lo tanto, investigamos las de una población india. Se genotipificaron catorce marcadores dentro de dos genes del metabolismo del alcohol [grupos de genes de alcohol deshidrogenasa (ADH) (ADH1B y ADH1C) y aldehído deshidrogenasa (ALDH2)], una enzima oxidante de etanol microsomal citocromo p450 (CYP2E1) y tres genes de respuesta al estrés oxidativo (OSR) (MnSOD, GSTT1 y GSTM1) entre 490 individuos bengalíes (322 ALD y 168 control) del este y noreste de la India y la validación se realizó en una nueva cohorte de 150 pacientes bengalíes incluyendo 100 ALD y 50 esteatohepatitis no alcohólica avanzada (NASH). De las 14 variantes genéticas, el transporte de 5 genotipos (rs2066701CC en ADH1B, rs1693425TT en ADH1C, rs4880TT en MnSOD y GSTT1/GSTM1 nulo, valor p <0.05) se observó significativamente mayor entre los pacientes con ALD, mientras que el análisis de interacción gen-gen inter o intragrupo reveló que la adición del genotipo de riesgo de cualquier gen OSR mejoraba la posibilidad de ALD de forma sinérgica. El análisis de regresión logística múltiple mostró una asociación independiente del genotipo nulo rs2066701CC, rs4880TT y GSTM1 con ALD, mientras que las frecuencias más bajas de esos genotipos en pacientes con NASH avanzada confirmaron aún más su relación causal con ALD. Por lo tanto, estos hallazgos sugieren que las tres variantes de ADH1C, MnSOD y GSTM1 se pueden utilizar para identificar a las personas que están en alto riesgo de desarrollar ALD y pueden ser útiles en el manejo adecuado de los alcohólicos indios.

Genetic susceptibility is an important modifier of clinical outcome and natural history of progression in Alcoholic liver disease (ALD). While the significance of ethnicity in this evolution is very clear, subtle inter-individual genetic variant(s) might be important and thus we investigated those in an Indian population. Fourteen markers were genotyped within two alcohol metabolism genes [Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene clusters (ADH1B and ADH1C) and Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2)], one microsomal ethanol oxidizing enzyme cytochrome p450 (CYP2E1) and three oxidative stress response (OSR) genes (MnSOD, GSTT1 and GSTM1) among 490 Bengali individuals (322 ALD and 168 control) from Eastern and North-Eastern India and validation was performed in a new cohort of 150 Bengali patients including 100 ALD and 50 advanced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Out of 14 genetic variants, carriage of 5 genotypes (rs2066701CC in ADH1B, rs1693425TT in ADH1C, rs4880TT in MnSOD and GSTT1/GSTM1 null, p-value <0.05) were noted significantly higher among ALD patients while inter or intra group gene-gene interaction analysis revealed that addition of risk genotype of any OSR gene enhanced the possibility of ALD synergistically. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed independent association of rs2066701CC, rs4880TT and GSTM1 null genotype with ALD while lower frequencies of those genotypes in advanced NASH patients further confirmed their causal relation to ALD. Thus these findings suggest that the three variants of ADH1C, MnSOD and GSTM1 can be used to identify individuals who are at high risk to develop ALD and may be helpful in proper management of Indian alcoholics.

القابلية الوراثية هي مُعدِّل مهم للنتائج السريرية والتاريخ الطبيعي لتطور مرض الكبد الكحولي (ALD). في حين أن أهمية العرق في هذا التطور واضحة للغاية، إلا أن المتغير(المتغيرات) الوراثية الدقيقة بين الأفراد قد تكون مهمة، وبالتالي قمنا بالتحقيق في تلك الموجودة في السكان الهنود. تم وضع أربعة عشر علامة وراثية ضمن اثنين من جينات استقلاب الكحول [مجموعات جينات نازعة هيدروجين الكحول (ADH1B و ADH1C) ونازعة هيدروجين الألدهيد (ALDH2)]، إنزيم مؤكسد للإيثانول الميكروسيمي السيتوكروم p450 (CYP2E1) وثلاثة جينات استجابة الإجهاد التأكسدي (OSR) (MnSOD و GSTT1 و GSTM1) بين 490 فردًا بنغاليًا (322 ALD و 168 عنصر تحكم) من شرق وشمال شرق الهند وتم إجراء التحقق من الصحة في مجموعة جديدة من 150 مريضًا بنغاليًا بما في ذلك 100 ALD و 50 التهاب الكبد الدهني غير الكحولي المتقدم (NASH). من بين 14 متغيرًا وراثيًا، لوحظ أن حمل 5 أنماط وراثية (rs2066701CC في ADH1B، rs1693425TT في ADH1C، rs4880TT في MnSOD و GSTT1/GSTM1 NULL، p - value <0.05) أعلى بكثير بين مرضى ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة بينما كشف تحليل التفاعل الجيني بين أو داخل المجموعة أن إضافة النمط الجيني للمخاطر لأي جين OSR عززت من إمكانية الإصابة بالضعف الجنسي المحدود بشكل تآزري. أظهر تحليل الانحدار اللوجستي المتعدد ارتباطًا مستقلاً بين rs2066701CC و rs4880TT و GSTM1 للنمط الجيني الفارغ مع ALD بينما أكدت الترددات المنخفضة لتلك الأنماط الجينية في مرضى ناش المتقدمين علاقتهم السببية بـ ALD. وبالتالي، تشير هذه النتائج إلى أن المتغيرات الثلاثة لـ ADH1C و MnSOD و GSTM1 يمكن استخدامها لتحديد الأفراد المعرضين لخطر كبير للإصابة بـ ALD وقد تكون مفيدة في الإدارة السليمة لمدمني الكحول الهنود.

Keywords

Male, Epidemiology, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Gene, Biochemistry, Epidemiology and Management of NAFLD, Gene Frequency, Disease, Internal medicine, Glutathione Transferase, Steatohepatitis, Q, R, Middle Aged, Liver Biopsy, ADH1B, Pathogenesis and Treatment of Alcoholic Liver Disease, Environmental health, Cirrhosis, Dehydrogenase, Medicine, Alcohol, Research Article, Alcohol Drinking, Genotype, Science, Population, India, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Fatty liver, Health Sciences, Genetics, Humans, Liver Diseases, Alcoholic, Biology, Genetic Association Studies, ALDH2, Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, Superoxide Dismutase, Alcohol dehydrogenase, Alcohol Dehydrogenase, Epistasis, Genetic, Alcoholic liver disease, Aldehyde dehydrogenase, Impact of Fructose on Metabolic Health, Enzyme, FOS: Biological sciences

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
16
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Top 10%
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