Characterization of accessory genes in coronavirus genomes
pmid: 32854725
pmc: PMC7450977
Characterization of accessory genes in coronavirus genomes
Abstract Background: The Covid19 infection is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, a novel member of the coronavirus (CoV) family. CoV genomes code for a ORF1a / ORF1ab polyprotein and four structural proteins widely studied as major drug targets. The genomes also contain a variable number of open reading frames (ORFs) coding for accessory proteins that are not essential for virus replication, but appear to have a role in pathogenesis. The accessory proteins have been less well characterized and are difficult to predict by classical bioinformatics methods.Methods: We propose a computational tool GOFIX to characterize potential ORFs in virus genomes. In particular, ORF coding potential is estimated by searching for enrichment in motifs of the X circular code, that is known to be over-represented in the reading frames of viral genes.Results: We applied GOFIX to study the SARS-CoV-2 and related genomes including SARS-CoV and SARS-like viruses from bat, civet and pangolin hosts, focusing on the accessory proteins. Our analysis provides evidence supporting the presence of overlapping ORFs 7b, 9b and 9c in all the genomes and thus helps to resolve some differences in current genome annotations. In contrast, we predict that ORF3b is not functional in all genomes. Novel putative ORFs were also predicted, including a truncated form of the ORF10 previously identified in SARS-CoV-2 and a little known ORF overlapping the Spike protein in Civet-CoV and SARS-CoV.Conclusions: Our findings contribute to characterizing sequence properties of accessory genes of SARS coronaviruses, and especially the newly acquired genes making use of overlapping reading frames.
- Université de Strasbourg France
- Panthéon-Assas University France
- UNIVERSITE PARIS DESCARTES France
- University of Paris France
- UNIVERSITE DE STRASBOURG France
Genes, Viral, Accessory genes, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Genome, Viral, ORF prediction, Evolution, Molecular, Viral Matrix Proteins, Betacoronavirus, Open Reading Frames, Viral Proteins, Circular code motifs, Animals, Humans, Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins, Codon, SARS-CoV-2, Research, COVID-19, Computational Biology, SARS-CoV, Coronavirus, Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, [SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN]
Genes, Viral, Accessory genes, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Genome, Viral, ORF prediction, Evolution, Molecular, Viral Matrix Proteins, Betacoronavirus, Open Reading Frames, Viral Proteins, Circular code motifs, Animals, Humans, Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins, Codon, SARS-CoV-2, Research, COVID-19, Computational Biology, SARS-CoV, Coronavirus, Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, [SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN]
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