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Molecular docking study of potential phytochemicals and their effects on the complex of SARS-CoV2 spike protein and human ACE2

Authors: Basu, Anamika; Sarkar, Anasua; Maulik, Ujjwal;

Molecular docking study of potential phytochemicals and their effects on the complex of SARS-CoV2 spike protein and human ACE2

Abstract

Abstract Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (EC:3.4.17.23) is a transmembrane protein which is considered as a receptor for spike protein binding of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2). Since no specific medication is available to treat COVID-19, designing of new drug is important and essential. In this regard, in silico method plays an important role, as it is rapid and cost effective compared to the trial and error methods using experimental studies. Natural products are safe and easily available to treat coronavirus affected patients, in the present alarming situation. In this paper five phytochemicals, which belong to flavonoid and anthraquinone subclass, have been selected as small molecules in molecular docking study of spike protein of SARS-CoV2 with its human receptor ACE2 molecule. Their molecular binding sites on spike protein bound structure with its receptor have been analyzed. From this analysis, hesperidin, emodin and chrysin are selected as competent natural products from both Indian and Chinese medicinal plants, to treat COVID-19. Among them, the phytochemical hesperidin can bind with ACE2 protein and bound structure of ACE2 protein and spike protein of SARS-CoV2 noncompetitively. The binding sites of ACE2 protein for spike protein and hesperidin, are located in different parts of ACE2 protein. Ligand spike protein causes conformational change in three-dimensional structure of protein ACE2, which is confirmed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies. This compound modulates the binding energy of bound structure of ACE2 and spike protein. This result indicates that due to presence of hesperidin, the bound structure of ACE2 and spike protein fragment becomes unstable. As a result, this natural product can impart antiviral activity in SARS CoV2 infection. The antiviral activity of these five natural compounds are further experimentally validated with QSAR study.

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Keywords

Emodin, Pneumonia, Viral, Anthraquinones, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A, Article, Protein Structure, Secondary, Betacoronavirus, Allosteric Regulation, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, Pandemics, COVID-19 ; Computational chemistry ; Virtual drug screening, Multidisciplinary, Binding Sites, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Molecular Docking Simulation, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, Coronavirus Infections, Protein Binding

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    214
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    Top 0.1%
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
214
Top 0.1%
Top 10%
Top 0.1%
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