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https://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14...
Doctoral thesis . 2001
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Identifizierung und Charakterisierung evolutionär konservierter Komponenten des Protein-Translokationsapparates im Endoplasmatischen Retikulum

Authors: Meyer, Hellmuth-Alexander;

Identifizierung und Charakterisierung evolutionär konservierter Komponenten des Protein-Translokationsapparates im Endoplasmatischen Retikulum

Abstract

In contrast to the monomer leaderpeptidase of the prokaryotic plasmamembrane, the eukaryotic signalpeptidase of the ER-membrane is a heteromer protein complex. In yeast the signalpeptidase consist of the four subunits Sec11p, Spc1p, Spc2p and Spc3p. Additional to Sec11p also Spc3p is essential for cell growth and cell life. The depletion of Spc3p cause lethal accumulation of precursor proteins in vivo and lost of cleavage activity in vitro. Spc1p and Spc2p are not essential for the cell. We show here, that the Spc2p subunit interacts with the ß-subunits of the Sec61- and the Ssh1-complex. These data implicate that Spc2p facilitates the interactions between different components of the translocation site. In yeast, efficient protein transport across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane may occurco-translationally or post-translationally. The latter process is mediated by a membrane protein complex that consists of the Sec61p complex and the Sec62p-Sec63p subcomplex. In contrast, in mammalian cells protein translocation is almost exclusively co-translational. This transport depends on the Sec61 complex, which is homologous to the yeast Sec61p complex and has been identified in mammals as a ribosome-bound pore-forming membrane protein complex. We report here the existence of ribosome-free mammalian Sec61 complexes that associate with two ubiquitous proteins of the ER membrane. According to primary sequence analysis both proteins display homology to the yeast proteins Sec62p and Sec63p and are therefore named Sec62 and Sec63, respectively. The probable function of the mammalian Sec61-Sec62-Sec63 complex is discussed with respect to its abundance in ER membranes, which, in contrast to yeast ER membranes, apparently lack efficient post-translational translocation activity.

Im Gegensatz zur den monomeren Leaderpeptidasen der bakteriellen Plasmamembran bestehen die eukaryotischen Signalpeptidasen der ER-Membran aus einem heteromeren Protein-Komplex. In der Hefe S. cerevisiae setzt sich die Signalpeptidase aus den vier Membranproteinen Sec11p, Spc1p, Spc2p und Spc3p zusammen. Neben der zur prokaryontischen Leaderpeptidase homologen Untereinheit Sec11p wird auch Spc3p benötigt um die Spaltungsfunktion in der Zelle auszuüben. Die Deletion von SPC3 führt zu einer lethalen Akkumulation von sekretorischen Vorstufenproteinen in vivo, sowie zum Verlust der Spaltungsaktivität in vitro. Spc1p und Spc2p sind nicht essentiell für die Hefe. Für Spc2p konnte jedoch gezeigt werden, daß die Signalpeptidase über die Spc2p Untereinheit mit den b-Untereinheiten des Sec61-Komplexes und des Ssh1-Komplexes interagiert. Vermutlich wird es so dem Komplex ermöglicht, während des Translokationsprozesses engen Kontakt zu der im Translokationskanal befindlichen Signalsequenz aufzunehmen. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wurden neue Komponenten aus der ER Membran von Säugern aufgereinigt. Dabei wurde ein ribosomenfreier Sec61-Komplex entdeckt, der mit zwei weiteren Membranproteinen assoziiert ist. Die beiden neuen Membranproteine weisen Homologien zu essentiellen Untereinheiten des postranslational aktiven Sec-Komplexes der Hefe S. cerevisiae auf. Die Rolle des neu entdeckten Säugerkomplexes während der Proteintranslokation ist noch unbekannt, in der Arbeit werden mögliche Funktionen des Komplexes diskutiert.

Related Organizations
Keywords

ddc:510, ER-Transport, 27 Mathematik, Translocation, 510 Mathematik, Sec63, Signalpeptidase, WE 3150, Sec61, signalpeptidase

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