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Journal of Investigative Dermatology
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Journal of Investigative Dermatology
Article . 2014
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Journal of Investigative Dermatology
Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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Retinitis Pigmentosa, Cutis Laxa, and Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum–Like Skin Manifestations Associated with GGCX Mutations

Authors: Kariminejad, Ariana; Bozorgmehr, Bita; Najafi, Abdolhamid; Khoshaeen, Atefeh; Ghalandari, Maryam; Najmabadi, Hossein; Kariminejad, Mohamad H.; +7 Authors

Retinitis Pigmentosa, Cutis Laxa, and Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum–Like Skin Manifestations Associated with GGCX Mutations

Abstract

Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) mutations have been reported in patients with a pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE)-like phenotype, loose redundant skin, and multiple vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor deficiencies. We report on the clinical findings and molecular results in 13 affected members of two families who had a uniform phenotype consisting of (PXE)-like skin manifestations in the neck and trunk, loose sagging skin of the trunk and upper limbs, and retinitis pigmentosa confirmed by electroretinographies in 10 affected individuals. There were no coagulation abnormalities. Molecular investigations of the ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 6 did not yield causative mutations. All 13 affected family members were found to be homozygous for the splice-site mutation c.373+3G>T in the GGCX gene. All tested parents were heterozygous for the mutation, and healthy siblings were either heterozygous or had the wild type. We suggest that the present patients represent a hitherto unreported phenotype associated with GGCX mutations. Digenic inheritance has been suggested to explain the variability in phenotype in GGCX mutation carriers. Consequently, the present phenotype may not be explained only by the GGCX mutations only but may be influenced by variants in other genes or epigenetic and environmental factors.

Keywords

Adult, Male, Heterozygote, Vitamin K, Adolescent, Adolescent; Adult; Carbon-Carbon Ligases; Child; Cutis Laxa; Family Health; Female; Heterozygote; Homozygote; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pedigree; Phenotype; Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum; RNA Splice Sites; Retinitis Pigmentosa; Skin; Vitamin K; Young Adult; 2708; Biochemistry; Cell Biology; Molecular Biology; Medicine (all), Dermatology, Biochemistry, Cutis Laxa, Young Adult, Humans, Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum, Child, Molecular Biology, Skin, Family Health, Homozygote, Cell Biology, Middle Aged, Pedigree, Phenotype, Carbon-Carbon Ligases, Female, RNA Splice Sites, Retinitis Pigmentosa

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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